International Human Resource Theories: Coca Cola Case Study

International Human mental imagery Theories Coca skunk Case StudyIHRM concepts in Coca green goddesss practices and reasons to transfer employees to the host countries 6Selecting faculty for global assignments in Coca boob 7The disadvantages of handed-down selection in Coca Cola 8AbstractThis research project explains how the International Human Resource theories are used in Coca Cola as a multinational organization. More over it clarifies the IHRM theoretical side and how the accomp either uses it in its practices. Also it explains both of the strength and weak points of the practical methods. Coca cola is an example of multinational enterprises (MNEs) as it operates its line of business in more than than 200 countries.IntroductionLocal Human Resource Management practices are different of world(prenominal) Human Resource Practices, because the core different in the organizational structure. The structure of a Multinational organization as Coca Cola should be different o f another American local anaesthetic organization. These differences come from the significant role and ranking(prenominal) strategies of the fellowship. This should cause some significant change in the HR practices and functions.Since Coca Cola is a company operates its business around a huge number of countries around the world it began to respond to both of local and international needs. Environment, culture and political differences exist from a region to another.Globalization is the most important factor of the multinational enterprises phenomenon. Coca Cola one of the American companies became a multinational company to take the benefits of impudent markets and to minimize the labour costs. Haile (2002) mentioned that Bernadin and Russell (1998) and Robbins (1997) all stated that Coca-Cola and Pepsi receive more than half of their revenues from operations outside the United States. These reasons and more encourage the company to operate its business outside the boundaries. While the company started its operations outside USA it considered the environmental, cultural and political change. Also it considered the differences among the multinational employees. in that respectfore it started to occur the methods and the practices which help to avoid any obstacles since the IHRM has new concepts were developed internationally. As a core point, the international human resource practices should be aligned with the predefined strategic business goals.Companys backgroundCoca Cola was invested in May 1886 by Dr. John S. Pemberton in Atlanta, Georgia. Currently, its operations are in more than 200 countries, and with diverse work force of approximately 55,000 employees.The local and global strategyThe strategic vision of the company is to achieve five strategic goals Profit, people, value, partners and planet.One of the above strategic is people, which is the most important element in Coca Cola as people are the workforce which operates the whole work. Moreove r the company gives its attention to the HRM to control the human functions and roles and to be aligning with the companys senior strategy. In line with the lavishlyer objectives of the company, human resources management seriously seeking to get the best management achieve the objectives of the company. For these reasons, IHRM should define know the structure of the company as a global.(The Times Newspaper, 2005, P. 2)The companys structureThe firm democracy of Coca Cola is USA it controls both of centralization and localizations functions. Senior decisions at The Coca Cola Company are made by an Executive Committee of 12 company Officers. This committee helped to shape the strategic priorities. The chair of the executive committee acts as a head for the company and chairs the board meetings. He is also the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and as such he is the senior decision maker. otherwise executives are responsible either for the major regions (e.g. Africa) or have an importa nt business specialization for example the Chief Financial Officer.(The Times Newspaper, 2005, P. 3)There are seven main regions where Coca Cola operates in as the followingNorth America, Africa, Asia, Europe, Eurasia, Middle East, Latin America. Each region has divided into countries and apiece country has its own structure the following figure explains the structure of Coca Cola in Great Britain.(The Times Newspaper, 2005, P. 3)IHRM concepts in Coca Colas practices and reasons to transfer employees to the host countries supply selection, international assignments, international training and development, international compensation, and IHRM in the host Country context are some key concepts of the international practices which Coca Colas HRM is responsible to do by with. And it is important to know the reason of transferring people from a region to another among Coca Cola nourish company, host countries and subsidiaries.The reason of sending staff for international assignment in Coca Cola is to achieve three major goals within short and long terms to fill positions, develop the management and to cope with Coca Colas development. (Hartono 2009)The following table shows the reasons of transferring staff from the parent country of Coca Cola to the host countries (e.g. china).Why does Coca Cola transfer staff from the parent country (USA) to the host countriesTransfer of technical or Managerial knowledge, training of supplemental managers, or lack of qualified local personal(Position Filling)Level of facts of life in host country is low adjunct is youngSubsidiary is Greenfield establishmentGain international experiencedevelop global awareness(Management Development)MNC is more internationalizedMNC is largeControl and coordination of subsidiary operations(Organizational Development)Uncertainly avoidance in home country is highLevel of cultural distance between home country and host country is highLevel of political risk in host country is highSubsidiary is la rgeSubsidiary is majority-ownedSubsidiary is higher in corporate reporting chain Subsidiary is youngSubsidiary is under-performingimprovement of communication channels between head quarter and subsidiary(Organizational Development)Level of cultural distance between home and host country is highLevel of political risk in host country is highSubsidiary is youngSelecting staff for global assignments in Coca ColaHartono (2009) argued that studies explained that selecting employees for global tasks to achieve international specific jobs is difficult. Also wrong selection whitethorn lead to significant problems. Therefore Coca Cola developed its own system for careful selecting employees, in this system the company determines carefully the appropriate persons for each assignment. (Slavenski 2003)In Coca Cola they always give enough time to assess employees they wish to go for an international assignment. First step is to receive applications from the employees who find that he is qualifie d for the task. Then conduct five hours assessment for all the applicants to identify the following nine skills1. Organizing and planning2. Perception and analysis3. Decision making4. Oral communication5. Decisiveness6. Adaptability7. Interpersonal skills8. Written communication9. PerseveranceSecond step is to determine the best applicants who have succeed in the offshoot assessment and ask them to return next day for the organizational orientation, also there is three days of training for the line managers who are responsible for this selection. In Coca Cola usually the third step is an interview to select one of three applicants to do the international assignment.Comparing with the old approach of selecting staff to do a global task there are a significant change in the way and technique used currently in Coca Cola. According to Slavenski (2003) he stated that These results indicate that the new method of interviewing is more effective than traditional interviewing. Hence, the as sessment/hiring ratio was lowered from 3 1 to 21. T hat is, for every two people assessed in the center, one could be selected. The cost savings amounted to about $48,000 per center or $4,000 per candidate.The disadvantages of traditional selection in Coca ColaSelecting people who have equivalent skills, information, and organizational expectations is more complex than it earliest appears. Someone who has been successful somewhere else in a related position whitethorn not always be a good selection. Old selection in most organizations is not as useful as it could be because it is not based on an analysis of job necessities, rather than being prepared and logical, it is unofficial and incompatible, making it hard to par and assess candidates, it may involve unrelated, and sometimes unlawful, it allows the candidates small chance to express actual job skills and it is based on poor inspection and records and generally relies on the interviewers ability to bring to mind complex inform ation about number of candidates.Lxr- Molecular Link in cuticular MicroenvironmentLxr- Molecular Link in Epidermal MicroenvironmentABSTARCTThe nuclear sensory receptor LXR- is a transcriptional regulator involved in numerousepidermal processes including proliferation, specialisation, permeability barrierformation, inflammatory responses, undress development and homeostasis. Owing to itscrucial for multiple cadre types in the skin, its activation in one skin cell type mayinfluence its expression and activation in other, thereby having a functional impact. Inthis study we investigated the personal effects that LXR- activation in keratinocytes would exerton LXR- expression in melanocytes. For this, we cultured melanocytes from theclinically healthy subjects and them nurtured with the media from the LXR- activated (by both Ascorbic acid and atorvastatin along with 22-R hydroxycholestrol) keratinocyte. The DOPA staining verified the growth of melanocytes and the validationfor via bility was done by flow cytometry. The results so obtained supported ourspeculation that LXR- activation in the radiation diagram healthy melanocytes may lead to theirapoptosis. Therefore, LXR- may be a critical player in keratinocyte and melanocyte biology and could be a potential target for skin disease management.INTRODUCTIONEpidermal melanocytes form a functional and structural unit with neighboring keratinocyte. There is apparently a close relationship between melanocytes and keratinocytes that is important for melanocyte survival and differentiation. and that may involve keratinocyte-mediated cytokines 1. Growth factors produced by adjacent keratinocytes regulate the proliferation and differentiation of melanocytes 2-5. Therefore, changes in keratinocytes function might have a significant effect on melanocyte survival 6, 7. The LXRs in skin physiology and pathology have evolved rapidly in recent age as they modulate epidermal proliferation, carcinogenesis, differentiation an d permeability barrier function, which identifies them as promising drug targets for the treatment of skin diseases. The nuclear receptors LXR- and LXR- are expressed in murine and human keratinocytes 8, 9. LXR activation also stimulates epidermal lipid synthetic thinking, lamellar body secretion and lipid processing in the stratum corneum 10. LXR-activators stimulate keratinocyte differentiation and also promote epidermal permeability barrier homoeostasis 10. Activation of LXR-by oxysterols stimulates keratinocyte differentiation, thereby, making LXR-important in keratinocytes differentiation as well 11, 12. LXR-is also know to play a key role as metabolic checkpoint that modulates cell proliferation in skin. At proper dosage, synthetic LXR agonists are safe on endothelial cells and may even transrepress inflammatory reactions 13.It has also been found that LXR- might be playing an important role in pathogenesis of pigmentary disorders like psoriasis 14, 15and vitiligo 16. Changes in the expression of this receptor in various diseased conditions of skin make it a candidate gene worth investigation, as it may be critical players in keratinocyte and melanocyte biology and homeostasis 17.In this article we characterize the effect of alteration in expression of LXR- in the keratinocytes influence the survival of the melanocytes. In our previous studies we have already explored the effects of agonists and activators of LXR- on its own gene expression in keratinocytes. We here report the effect of melanocytes viability following LXR- activation with Atorvastatin+22R hydroxycholestrol and Ascorbic acid +22R hydroxycholestrolin cultured keratinocytes, with both the cell types derived from of the same the skin biopsyMETHODSSelection of the subjects and clinical evaluationThis study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee. A total number of 6 controls were enrolled, afterwards their informed consent. The age range was 1840 years. Skin grafts were collected in the phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and immediately transported to the laboratory in ice.cellular models employedFresh biopsy specimens were obtained under aseptic conditions in phosphate buffer saline with antibiotics (penicillin and streptomycin).Keratinocyte Cultures Culturing of keratinocytes derived from skin biopsies of clinically healthy subjects were carried out in Keratinocytes Specific Media containing no antibiotics. The treatment with Atorvastatin+22R hydroxycholestrol and Ascorbic acid +22R hydroxycholestrol was performed. Cells in one of the wells were incubated with 30M Atorvastatin and the other well was treated with 0.2mg/ml Ascorbic acid or 12 hours 18. Then 10 M 22R hydroxycholestrol was added to both the wells and cells were then incubated for 48 hours.Melanocyte Cultures Culturing of melanocytes derived from skin biopsies of same clinically healthy subjects was carried out in Melanocyte Media Promocell containing no antibiotics. Then the media from the above me ntioned treated keratinocytes was transferred to the respective melanocytes cultures for consecutive three days.Cell identificationKeratinocytes To see to it that the cells cultured from the skin biopsies exhibited the characteristic signatures of keratinocytes,Melanocytes DOPA staining To verify that the cells cultured from the skin biopsies exhibited the characteristic signatures of melanocytes, DOPA staining was performed following a modified method previously described 19.RNA isolation and cDNA synthesisTotal RNA was isolated using the Tri Reagent kit (Ambion, Austin, TX, USA), and cDNA was synthesized using the First-Strand cDNA Synthesis kit (Fermentas, St. Leon-Rot, Germany) following the manufacturers protocols.Semiquantitative RT-PCRSemiquantitative RT-PCR was used to determine the gene tran- scriptional expression. PCR profit was performed using the GeneAmp PCR System 9700 (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). All primers were synthesized by Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). The primer sequences used are given in Table S2. PCR amplification of cDNA was performed in a reaction mixture containing 10X polymerase, 2 ll cDNA template and sterile RNAse-free water added to a total volume of 25 ll. All PCR reagents were from Fermentas. We first amplified a housekeep gene encoding b-actin, to monitor RNA quality and cDNA synthesis and to ensure that equivalent amounts of cDNA were used in all PCR amplifications. All PCR products were analysed by separation on a 2% agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide.Annexin V stainingCultured melanocytes after culturing in learned media were were processed as previously mentioned 20 before being used for Annexin V staining (Roche, Mannheim, Germany), according to the manufacturers instructions.RESULTSIdentifications of melanocytesMelanocytes were cultured with conditioned media from treated keratinocytes (both cell types derived from from skin biopsies of the same patient). after getting pure cultures, these cells were characterized by DOPA staining (Figure 1).LXR- mRNA expressionWe checked the expression profile of LXR- gene in melanocytes cultured in the conditioned media was compared to the controls (Figure.2). The aim was to detect any change in gene expression of LXR- and its effector genes . Results revealed the higher presence of LXR- mRNA expression in melanocytes cultured in bot the treated conditioned media compared to controls.Effect on the apoptosisExperiments were performed and it was interesting to find that there was an increase in the apoptosis of melanocytes nurtured with the media transferred from the keratinocytes treated Ascorbic acid + 22-R hydroxycholestrol i.e. 26% compared to 17.6% in the melanocytes nurtured with the media transferred from the keratinocytes treated Atorvastatin + 22-R hydroxycholestrol whereas the control non- treated melanocytes showed 10% apoptotic cell population (Figure 3).DISCUSSIONThe role multivalent LXR- has recently been described in many sk in diseases. A marked expression of LXR- has been observed in cells adjacent to dermal papilla, speculating that it may correlate with site of hair melanocytes 21. Important genes involved in polity of both keratinocytes and melanocytes are target genes of LXR- it can be speculated that LXR- might be playing the important role in pathogenesis of varied skin disorders and homeostasis 17.Studies have previously shown that chronic activation of LXR- in pancreatic -cell provoked lipid dysregulation and concomitant apoptosis. To verify the speculation, the cultured melanocytes from the clinically healthy subjects were nurtured with the media from the LXR- activated (by both Vitamin C and Atorvastatin alongwith 22-R hydroxycholestrol) keratinocyte media. The DOPA staining in Figure 1 shows the viable melanocytes which were further validated by FACS and the results so obtained supported our speculation that LXR- activation in the normal healthy melanocytes may lead to their apoptosis, as LXR- is known to inhibit cell proliferation and enhance apoptosis (Figure 3). We have already reported that the LXR- expression was present in human melanocytes and keratinocytes 15, 16. In this study, we compared the expression of LXR- in conditioned media from keratinocytes treated with Ascorbic acid + 22-R hydroxycholestrol and Atorvastatin + 22-R hydroxycholestrol compared to the control and found that mRNA expression of LXR- was significantly higher in both the treated groups as compared to the control.So, it can be said that there is an LXR- imbalance in the genesis of skin disorders. Although future studies will reveal whether LXR- dysregulation in skin cells contributes to the diseased state in vivo, the data presented here raise a potential target for the development of a successful method of regulation the diseased skin conditions. Not only LXR- has a robust anti-inflammatory activity in skin, but they also modulate epidermal proliferation, differentiation and permeabili ty barrier function. The abnormal increase in LXR-expression in the pancreatic islets of obese and diabetic animal models and the ability of LXR-ligands to induce cell dysfunction suggest the involvement of chronic LXR-in cell apoptosis 22 . Keeping in view, the findings reported here coupled with earlier reported findings, it is not unlikely that LXR- transcriptome may be of crucial importance, not only in understanding of genomic basis of skin disorders it could be useful in designing futuristic therapy for these skin disorders.

How Teenagers Consume Media

How Teenagers Consume MediaDigital media is profoundly transforming consumer behaviour and traditional media business models. While creating new opportunities, its disruptive make is being accelerated by the global recession.At the vanguard of this digital revolution be teenagers. While their habits will obviously change (especially when they start employment), discernment their mindset seems an excellent way of assessing how the media landscape will evolve. To this end, we asked a 15 year old summer give intern, Matthew Robson, to describe how he and his friends consume media. Without claiming delegacy or statistical accuracy, his piece provides sensationness of the cle atomic make out 18st and intimately thought provoking insights we pee-pee seen. So we published it.T here are several issues that immediately parachuting out from the piece. Teenagers are consuming more media, moreover in entirely different ways and are almost certainly not prepared to digest for it. Th ey resent intrusive advertising on billboards, TV and the Internet. They are happy to chase content and music across platforms and devices (iPods, mobiles, streaming sites). Print media (newspapers, controlories) are viewed as irrelevant but events (cinema, concerts etc.) remain popular and one of the few beneficiaries of payment. The convergence of period of play, TV, mobile and Internet is accelerating with huge implications for pay-TV.For mobiles, price is key both in cost of handset prices 100-200 as well as taking pay as you go as opposed to contracts. Mid-range feature phones still dominate, meaning that Sony Ericsson does well as thats their sweet spot. High-end smartphones are desirable but too expensive. Most prefer to own separate devices for music, and messaging. Texting is still key and wasting disease of new data work limited due to cost. Wi-Fi is more popular than 3G.While these trends will not necessarily surprise, their influence on TMT stocks lotnot be unde restimated.How Teenagers ConsumeMediaRadioMost teenagers nowadays are not regular explicate a lineers to radio. They may occasionally tune in, but they do not try to listen to a program specifically. The main reason teenagers listen to the radio is for music, but now with online sites streaming music for free they do not b some other, as services such as closing curtain.fm do this advert free, and users can choose the songs they want instead of listening to what the radio presenter/DJ chooses.TelevisionMost teenagers go out television, but normally there are points in the year where they watch more than average. This is due to programs coming on in seasons, so they will watch a particular show at a certain succession for a number of weeks (as long as it lasts) but then they may watch no television for weeks after the program has ended. allows them to watch shows when they want. Whilst watching TV, adverts come on quite regularly (18 minutes of every hour) and teenagers do n ot want to watch these, so they switch to another channel, or do something else whilst the adverts run.The majority of teenagers I speak to leave Virgin Media as their provider, citing lower costs but similar content of Sky. A fraction of teenagers endure Freeview but these people are light users of TV (they watch about 1 hours per week) so they do not require the hundreds of take that other providers offer.NewspapersNo teenager that I know of regularly reads a newspaper, as most do not have the time and cannot be bothered to read pages and pages of preparebook while they could watch the news summarised on the internet or on TV.The whole newspapers that are read are tabloids and freesheets (Metro, London Lite) mainly because of cost teenagers are very reluctant to pay for a newspaper (hence the popularity of freesheets such as the Metro). Over the last few weeks, the sun has decreased in cost to 20p, so I have seen more and more copies read by teenagers. Another reason why ma inly tabloids are read is that their compact size allows them to be read easily, on a bus or train. This is especially true for The Metro, as it is distributed on buses and trains.Gamingusers, which has had an impact on phone usage one can speak for free over the console and so a teenager would be unwilling to pay to use a phone. PC gaming has little or no place in the teenage market. This may be because usually feebles are released across all platforms, and whilst one can be sure a game will play on a console PC games require expensive set ups to ensure a game will play smoothly. In addition, PC games are relatively easy to pirate and download for free, so m each teenagers would do this rather than grease ones palms a game. In contrast, it is near impossible to obtain a console game for free.InternetEvery teenager has some access to the internet, be it at school or internal. Home use is mainly used for fun (such as social networking) whilst school (or library) use is for work. M ost teenagers are heavily active on a combination of social networking sites. Facebook is the most super acid, with nearly everyone with an internet ascribeion registered and visiting 4 times a week. Facebook is popular as one can move with friends on a wide scale. On the other hand, teenagers do not use twitter. Most have signed up to the service, but then equitable leave it as they release that they are not going to update it (mostly because texting twitter uses up credit, and they would rather text friends with that credit). In addition, they realise that no one is viewing their profile, so their tweets are pointless. Outside of social networking, the internet is used primarily as a source of reading for a variety of topics. For distinct the web, Google is the dominant figure, simply because it is well known and easy to use. somewhat teenagers make purchases on the internet (on sites like eBay) but this is only used by a small will) so that they can transpose it to portab le music players and share it with friends. How teenagers play their music while on the go varies, and usually dependent on wealth -with teenagers from higher income families using iPods and those from lower income families using mobile phones. Some teenagers use both to listen to music, and there are always exceptions to the rule. A number of people use the music service iTunes (usually in conjunction with iPods) to acquire their music (legally) but again this is unpopular with many teenagers because of the high price (79p per song). Some teenagers use a combination of sources to obtain music, because sometimes the sound timbre is better on streaming sites but they cannot use these sites whilst offline, so they would download a song then listen to it on music streaming sites (separate from the file).CinemaTeenagers visit the cinema quite often, catchless of what is on. Usually they will target a film first, and set out to see that, but sometimes they will just go and choose when they get there. This is because going to the cinema is not usually about the film, but the experience -and getting together with friends. Teenagers visit the cinema more often when they are in the lower end of teendom (13 and 14) but as they approach 15 they go to the cinema a lot less. This is due to the pricing at 15 they have to pay the adult price, which is often simulacrum the child price. Also, it is possible to buy a pirated DVD of the film at the time of release, and these cost much less than a cinema ticket so teenagers often choose this instead of going to the cinema. Some teenagers choose to download the films off the internet, but this is not favourable as the films are usually wild quality, have to be watched on a small computer screen and there is a chance that they will be malicious files and install a virus.DevicesMobile Phones99% of teenagers have a mobile phone and most are quite capable phones. The general view is that Sony Ericsson phones are superior, due to t heir long list of features, built in walkman capability and set (100 will buy a mid-high range model). Teenagers due to the risk of it getting lost do not own mobile phones over the 200 mark. As a rule, teenagers have phones on pay as you go. This is because they cannot afford the monthly payments, and cannot commit to an 18-month contract.Usually, teenagers only use their phone for texting, calling. Features such as video messaging or video calling are not used -because they are expensive, (you can get four regular texts for the price of one video message). service such as instant messaging are used, but not by everyone. It usually depends whether the phone is Wi-Fi compatible, because otherwise it is very expensive to get internet off the phone network. As most teenagers phones have Bluetooth support, and Bluetooth is free, they utilise this feature often. It is used to radiate songs and videos (even though it is illegal) and is another way teenagers gain songs for free. Teenage rs never use the ringtone and picture shell outing services, which gained popularity in the early 00s. This is because of the negative press that these services have attracted (where the bearing 20 a week with no easy way to cancel the service) and the fact that they can get pictures and music on a computer -then transfer it to their phones at no cost. Mobile email is not used as teenagers have no need they do not need to be machine-accessible to their inbox all the time as they dont receive important emails. Teenagers do not use the internet features on their mobiles as it costs too much, and generally, if they waited an hour they could use their home internet and they are willing to wait as they dont usually have anything urgent to do.Teenagers do not upgrade their phone very often, with most upgrading every two years. They usually upgrade on their birthday when their parents will buy them a new phone, as they do not normally have enough money to do it themselves.Televisions Mo st teenagers own a TV, with more and more upgrading to HD ready flat screens. However, many are not utilising this HD functionality, as HD channels are expensive extras which many families cannot justify the added expenditure. Many of them dont want to sign up to HD broadcasting services, as adverts are shown on standard definition broadcasts, so they cant see the difference. Most people have Virgin Media as a TV provider. Some have sky and some have Freeview but very few only have the first five channels (BBC One, BBC Two, ITV, Channel Four and Channel Five).Computers Every teenager has access to a elemental computer with internet, but most teenagers computers are systems capable of only everyday tasks. Nearly all teenagers computers have Microsoft office installed, as it allows them to do school work at home. Most (9/10) computers owned by teenagers are PCs, because they are much cheaper than Macs and school computers run Windows, so if a Mac is used at home compatibility issues arise.Games Consoles Close to 1/3 of teenagers have a new (What is Hot?Anything with a touch screen is desirable.Mobile phones with large capacities for music.Portable devices that can connect to the internet (iPhones)Really big telliesWhat Is Not?Anything with wiresPhones with black and white screensClunky brick phonesDevices with less than ten-hour battery lifeDisclosure SectionMorgan Stanley Co. foreign plc, authorized and regulate by Financial Services representation, disseminates in the UK interrogation that it has prepared, and approves solely for the purposes of separate 21 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000, research which has been prepared by any of its classifys. 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Benchmarks for each region are as follows North America SP five hundred Latin America relevant MSCI country index or MSCI Latin America Index Europe MSCI Europe Japan TOPIX Asia relevant MSCI country index.Important Disclosures for Morgan Stanley Smith Barney LLC CustomersCiti Investment Research Analysis (CIRA) research reports may be available about the companies that are the subject of this Morgan Stanley research report. Ask your Financial consultant or use Research Center to view any available CIRA research reports in addition to Morgan Stanley research reports. 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Singapore Casino :: essays research papers

Casino gambling has been legalised in capital of Singapore. Give economic arguments for and against legalisation.There has been much debate in Singapore some(prenominal) amongst the politicians, religious leaders, senior muckle in the community, and the lay people at large. It is a hot topic. But, the decision has finally been made, the casino will be built.There are many arguments both for and against building a casino. The government, which is for, cites the economic advantages and everyone who is against cites the social impact the casino will have.Arguments FOR the casinoThe governments main argument for the casino is increased tax income leading to a boost in the economy. Currently, Singapores revenue comes from high tech electronics manufacturing, pharmaceuticals and finance. These industries are starting to slow. According to Reuters Singapore employment in the manufacturing sector has dropped 9% since 1990. In 2004, 14 per 1,000 were laid off in the manufacturing sector a nd 8.5 per 1,000 in the services sector.The governments alternative has been to reverse a 4 decade ban on casinos to help the Singapore economy.The majority of the focus in the long term is from tourism and the advert on effects of tourism such as hospitality, food, retail, taxi, conventions and aviation. The government fears that a steady decline in tourism is already happening. The Prime Minister in his ministerial statement on April 18 2005 saidFirst, we are losing ground in tourism. Tourism in Asia is growing phenomenally, especially the traffic from China and India. Singapores tourist numbers are up too, still we see warning signs of problems ahead. Our market share is declining (from 8% in the Asia Pacific region in 1998 to 6% in 2002). Tourists are returning less time in Singapore. They used to stay an average of about 4 days in 1991, but now they stay only for 3 days. In contrast, on average, they are staying for about 4 days in Hong Kong, 5 days in capital of the United Kingdom and almost a week in New York City. We are losing attractiveness as a tourist destination. In 2004, Singapore earned US$6 billion from 8.3 million tourists. Tourism currently accounts for 3% of Singapores GDP, it needs to be at 7% if it is to be a documentary growth driver. By 2015, Singapore is aiming at 17 million tourists which alone will bring in US$18 billion. It is predicted that by 2010, Asians will spend $23 billion on gambling, and Singapore wants it share.

Truth and Teiresias in Sophocles Oedipus Rex and Al-Hakims King Oedip

Truth and Teiresias in Sophocles Oedipus Rex and Al-Hakims ability Oedipus In both Oedipus Rex and King Oedipus, Teiresias is defined by his relationship to the faithfulness in Sophocles play as a courier, in Tawfiq Al-Hakims as a manufacturer. Sophocles Teiresias is a conduit, a vessel through which the truth of a future created by the gods can be revealed, while the modern Teiresias is actively engaged in creating, shaping, the truth out of a suppositional spiritual vacuum. These differing roles place both characters at a certain distance from their actions and sense of responsibility. Based, to a great extent, on this proximity, each Teiresias develops a radically dissimilar concept of the truth. Though the characters themselves are in many ways philosophical opposites, the function Teiresias serves in each play is not at all dissimilar. A sense of the truth as a source of destruction as well as possible redemption is ultimately reinforced by the front of Teiresias in each play. Oedipus accuses Teiresias in each play of withholding critical information. Both characters make similar decisions to attempt to withdraw themselves from the situation. Their motives, however, are distinctly different. rationality these motives points paradoxically toward the individual fundamental differences between characters as well as their eventual thematic similarities. Sophocles Teiresias is a reluctant prophet. He is in awe of the truth because he is powerless to change it. Teiresias does not own the truth it was never his to possess. Instead, he exists as a passive agent, an intermediary, between present and future, gods and humanity. Because the truth is brutal, cruel, and perchance sometimes excessive and unjust even... ...refers, instead to vision on a more figurative level. Sophocles speaks to this kind of dodgeness when Teiresias states, You whose vision is straight shall be blind (ln 419, p.127). Achieving this level of insight may well be an impossible ta sk. In our attempt we may always hear the laughter that plagues Al-Hakims Teiresias, mocking laughter that has dropped from enlightenment since the beginning creation (124). Understanding the relationship of Teiresias in each play to the truth (its conveyance, its creation), may help us to determine our own proximity to this aforesaid(prenominal) elusive and dangerous goal, the truth. Works Cited Al-Hakim, Tawfiq. Plays, Prefaces and Postscripts of Tawfiq Al-Hakim. Trans. W.M. Hutchins. Washington, D.C. Three Continents Press, 1981. Sophocles. Oedipus Rex. Rpt. in Ten Greek Plays. Ed. L.R. Lind, Boston Houghton Mifflin, 1957.

Comparing Imperial Presidency by Arthur Schlesinger and Presidental Power by Richard Neustadt :: Arthur Schlesinger Imperial Presidency

Comparing Imperial Presidency by Arthur Schlesinger and Presidental Power by Richard NeustadtIn his book, The Imperial Presidency, Arthur Schlesinger recounts therise of the g all overnment activity as it grew into the imperial, powerful prepare that itis today. His writing reflects a belief that the presidency is becoming toopowerful and that very few people are making a real causal agency to stop it. Heanalyzes the back and forth struggle for power between Congress and thePresidency. Schlesinger breaks up the first half of the book chronologically. Hebegins by discussing the areas concerning the presidency where the foundingfathers agreed and also the areas where they disagreed. He then goes on toanalyze the rise of the imperial presidency through war and recovery, withemphasis on the events of the ordinal century. After the war in Vietnam,Schlesinger divides the book based on the specific nature of the events that hadan impact on presidential power. He divides it based on dom esticated policy, foreignpolicy, and the affairs that go on in secrecy.Schlesinger provides an incredible amount of evidence to recount the upsand downs of the imperial presidency. He provides a base for his argument withan in-depth moot of what the framers intended and how they set the stage fordevelopment over the next two centuries. An issue that Schlesinger focuses on isthe presidents ability to make war. The decisions of the founders in this areawould have a huge impact on the power contained in the office of the president.The consensus amongst the framers was that the president, as Commander in Chief,had the ability to defend the unify States and its interests, but the abilityto halt war was vested in the Congress. This decision set the stage for thestruggles between the president and congress. He also discussed the debate overthe power institutionalized in the presidency. At the time, there were twoschools of thought on the subject. Hamilton supported an active president, whileJefferson argued in favor of a passive president. The final draft included acompromise of the two theories. There was also some debate over the power of thepresident versus the power of congress. Additionally, there was a compromisemade over this issue when writing the final draft. The spirit of compromiseamongst the founders was what provided a viable and secure base for the futureof the presidency.After his discussion of the founders, Schlesinger shifts to thepresidents powers of war. He analyzes every war, excluding the Revolution, thatthe United States has participated in up to and including the war in Vietnam.

The World Needs More Nuclear Power Essay -- Argumentative Essays, Pers

Opponents of the nuclear indus get a line conjure up frightful images of nuclear accidents to spread dismay to those who could benefit from its awesome bounty. A misguided desire to protect the environment blinds people to the reliableity that nuclear power is a green energy source. atomic power is superior to traditionalistic power generation in al closely every way whether it is looked at from an environmental, economic or technical point of view.Currently, most consumer power generation is achieved through the burning of fossil fuels. Skeptics of nuclear energys potential have long contended that fossil fuels are safer to process, are get out for the environment and pose less of a long term hazard than nuclear power. Concerns over safety also dominate the issue since the often lamented institution of nuclear weapons has demonstrated that the awesome force of nuclear power can be dangerous indeed. atomic power is also tagged as macrocosm expensive, not only for po wer generation but for the environmental detriments that must be mitigated after processing. None of these arguments against nuclear power has any real factual basis as research has shown that nuclear power has less of a negative impact on the environment, has the potential to be safer and ultimately cheaper than traditional power generating methods.The mainstays of traditional power generation involve the burning of fossil fuels, such as innate(p) gas and coal. Environmentalists use scare tactics to try to convince people that nuclear power is a dirty energy. The truth however, is that as far as damage to the environment goes, nuclear power is a much greener source of energy than either coal or natural gas. The first advantage of nuclear power over coal or natural gas is ob... ...ands in the way of nuclear power becoming the energy of the future is fear and rhetoric. As the famous philosopher Heraclitus said Dogs bark at a person whom they do not know (Heraclitus, para 97), which means that people will always attack that which they do not understand. This makes education the greatest measuring rod towards making one of mans greatest technological triumphs into a blessing for this generation.Works CitedHeraclitus. The Complete Philosophical Fragments. Middlebury College Website.Middlebury College. 07/14/10 http//community.middlebury.edu/harris/Philosophy/Heraclitus.htmlHill, Patrice. Nuclear Power Is the Energy of the Future. Insight April 2001McGregor, Douglas S. The Use of Nuclear Power Should be Increased. The New AmericanApril 2001 12-19Robinson, Mark, A. 100 Grams of Uranium Equal 200 Tons of Coal. Kelso, WA, 1987

Essay --

DiabetesThis is a chronic metabolic disorder caused by disturbances in carbohydrates, lipid and protein imbalances leading to increased blood glucose levels. There are 3 main types of diabetes mellitus type unity, type two and gestational diabetes. Type one is common among children under the age of twenty years, while type two is associated with adults. separate types of diabetes are congenital diabetes, steroid diabetes and monogenic diabetes. However, these other forms are less prevalent compared to the three main types of diabetes. Diabetes is one of the leading cases of blindness, amputations and kidney failure (American Diabetes Association, 2008).Type one occurs due to lack of insulin in the body. In this type of diabetes the body is unable to produce enough levels of insulin hormone which regulates the absorption of blood glucose. The immune system attacks the insulin producing cells in the pancreas resulting into hormone deficit. This means that individuals with type on e diabetes mellitus have to be supplemented with insulin as failure to supplement may lead to death. Type two is characterized by lofty levels of blood glucose which is referred to as hyperglycemia. It is the most common type of diabetes accounting for 90 to 95 % of diabetic cases. Gestational diabetes affects pregnant mothers and is known to disappear after birth. It affects round 2% of pregnant women and 50% of the affected mothers may result to type two diabetes if the condition is not well managed (CDC, 2011).Symptoms Symptoms depend on the type of the complaint and the stage of disease. However some symptoms are common in the three types of the disease. The main symptoms are polyuria, loss of weight, increased hunger and excessive thirst.... ... acquiring the diseases as it can be passed from one generation to another (American Diabetes Association, 2008).TreatmentDiabetes can be managed by the use of diabetic medications like metformin, chlorpropamide among others. However , dietary management, regular wield and weight management are the best ways of managing diabetes mellitus. Type one is managed by administration of insulin and dietary management. Type two is managed mainly through ingest healthy, physical activity and regular monitoring of blood glucose levels. Conventional medication coupled with dietary management has improved the outcomes of the patients with diabetes. Studies have shown that use of probiotics can withal help in the treatment of the disease. Patients should monitor their glucose and cholesterol levels as the basic tools for managing diabetes (American Diabetes Association, 2008).