C With a Line Over It What Does It Mean

C With a Line Over It What Does It Mean SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Have you gotten a prescription or note from a doctor or nurse with a mysterious symbol that looks like "c" on it? What does a c with a line over it mean? Is this some secret doctor code? We’re here to break it all down for you, and it’s actually simpler than you think! Read this guide to learn all about the meaning behind the c with a line over it medical abbreviation, where the abbreviation comes from, how it’s used, and other important medical abbreviations you should know. What Does a C With a Line Over It Mean? The letter "c" with a line over it is a medical abbreviation often used by doctors, nurses, and other medical professionals. The symbol looks like this: c. The c is almost always lower-case. This symbol actually has a very simple meaning. A c with a line over it just means "with". This abbreviation is often used on patient charts and prescriptions, as well as information or notes written by medical professionals. Where Did the C With a Line Over It Abbreviation Come From? Where did the c with a line over it medical abbreviation come from? "With" is a short word, so why don’t doctors just write it out? Doctors and other medical providers use many abbreviations in their work. There are two main reasons for this. First, because doctors and nurses need to do a lot of writing throughout the day (writing prescriptions, filling out patient charts, taking notes, etc.) abbreviations can help them save time, even if the abbreviations are for small words. Second, abbreviations can make notes or instructions more legible and easy to read. Have you ever heard someone joke about how bad doctors’ handwriting is? It’s a common problem that when a doctor or nurse is scribbling instructions or prescription information, some of their words can be difficult to read. This can cause serious issues if it makes it harder to care for the patient or results in the wrong care being given. Using clear abbreviations can reduce instances of illegible handwriting. But how did a c with line over it get chosen as the abbreviation for "with"? The symbol c comes from the Latin word cum. While this word is often used as a slang word in modern English, in Latin cum means "with." Common phrases with this Latin word include graduation honors such as magna cum laude (with great praise) and summa cum laude (with highest praise). That’s where the "c" part comes from, and the line or bar over the top of it was added to differentiate it from the regular alphabet letter. How Is C With a Line Over It Used? Now you know that a c with a line over it means "with," but how is it actually used? Basically, anytime you use the word "with" you can just replace it with the symbol! Here are some examples of ways a doctor or nurse may use this abbreviation. Take medication c water = Take medication with water Recommendation is for surgery c physical therapy to follow = Recommendation is for surgery with physical therapy to follow Refill only c doctor approval = Refill only with doctor approval Symptoms are nausea c vomiting = Symptoms are nausea with vomiting You’ll most likely see the c symbol used on a prescription you receive, in your patient chart, or in notes or instructions given to you by a doctor or nurse. What Are Other Common Medical Abbreviations? Abbreviations are an important and common practice in the medical world. Below is a chart with some other medical abbreviations that are often used. Most of them are related to prescriptions since patients usually see a c with a line over it medical abbreviation on their prescription information. Some of these abbreviations may be written in all caps, some in all lower-case. Either way they mean the same thing; it’s just the personal preference of the person writing the abbreviations. Medical Abbreviation Meaning Ä  (a with a line over it) Before ABX Antibiotics AC Take before meal CC With food PC Take after meal MDD Maximum daily dose that can be taken p (p with a line over it) After PRN As required QD 1 medicine a day QHS At bedtime QOD Every other day s (s with a line over it) Without Conclusion So, what does a c with a line over it mean? A c with line over it medical abbreviation is a common abbreviation used by doctors, nurses, and other medical professionals to take the place of the word "with." The symbol c comes from the Latin word for "with," which is cum. Abbreviations are useful in the medical world because they make it faster to write instructions and information, and they can also make those notes easier to read. The c with a line over it symbol can be used any time you’d use the word "with," and you’ll most likely see it on prescription information or your medical chart. Abbreviations are used often in medicine, and you should look up any you don’t know to be sure you understand the information you're given. What's Next? Thinking about getting into healthcare administration, but not sure what kind of qualifications you need? Learn more here with our expert guide to getting a healthcare administration degree.

How Electric Motors and Generators Work

How Electric Motors and Generators Work Electric vehicles rely exclusively on electric motors for propulsion, and hybrids use electric motors to assist their internal combustion engines for locomotion. But thats not all. These very motors can be, and are, used to generate electricity (through the process of regenerative braking) for charging these vehicles onboard batteries. The most common question is: How can that be ... how does that work? Most folks understand that a motor is powered by electricity to do work- they see it every day in their household appliances (​washing machines, vacuum cleaners, food processors). But the idea that a motor can run backward, actually generating electricity rather than consuming it seems almost like magic. But once the relationship between magnets and electricity (electromagnetism) and the concept of conservation of energy is understood, the mystery disappears. Electromagnetism Motor power and electricity generation begin with the property of electromagnetism- the physical relationship between a magnet and electricity. An electromagnet is a device that acts like a magnet, but its magnetic force is manifested and controlled by electricity. When wire made of conducting material (copper, for example) moves through a magnetic field, current is created in the wire (a rudimentary generator). Conversely, when electricity is passed through a wire that is wound around an iron core, and this core is in the presence of a magnetic field, it will move and twist (a very basic motor). Motor/Generators Motor/generators are really one device that can run in two opposite modes. Contrary to what folks sometimes think, that does not mean that the two modes of the motor/generator run backward from each other (that as a motor the device turns in one direction and as a generator, it turns the opposite direction). The shaft always spins the same way. The change of direction is in the flow of electricity. As a motor, it consumes electricity (flows in) to make mechanical power, and as a generator, it consumes mechanical power to produce electricity (flows out). Electromechanical Rotation Electric motor/generators are generally one of two types, either AC (Alternating Current) or DC (Direct Current) and those designations are indicative of the type of electricity that they consume and generate. Without getting into too much detail and clouding the issue, this is the difference: AC current changes direction (alternates) as it flows through a circuit. DC currents flow  uni-directionally (stays the same) as it goes through a circuit. The type of current utilized is concerned mostly with the cost of the unit and its efficiency (An AC motor/generator is generally more expensive, but is also much more efficient). Suffice it to say that most hybrids and many larger all-electric vehicles use AC motor/generators- so that is the type well focus on in this explanation. An AC Motor/Generator Consists of 4 Main Parts: A shaft-mounted wire wound armature (rotor)A field of magnets that induce electrical energy stacked side-by-side in a housing (stator)Slip rings that carry the AC current to/from the armatureBrushes that contact the slip rings and transfer current to/from the electrical circuit The AC Generator in Action The armature is driven by a mechanical source of power (for example, in commercial electric power production it would be a steam turbine). As this wound rotor spins, its wire coil passes over the permanent magnets in the stator and an electric current is created in the wires of the armature. But because each individual loop in the coil passes first the north pole then the south pole of each magnet sequentially as it rotates on its axis, the induced current continually, and rapidly, changes direction. Each change of direction is called a cycle, and it is measured in cycles-per-second or hertz (Hz). In the United States, the cycle rate is 60 Hz (60 times per second), while in most other developed parts of the world it is 50 Hz. Individual slip rings are fitted to each of the two ends of the rotors wire loop to provide a path for the current to leave the armature. Brushes (which are actually carbon contacts) ride against the slip rings and complete the path for the current into the circuit to which the generator is attached. The AC Motor in Action Motor action (supplying mechanical power) is, in essence, the reverse of generator action. Instead of spinning the armature to make electricity, current is fed by a circuit, through the brushes and slip rings and into the armature. This current flowing through the coil wound rotor (armature) turns it into an electromagnet. The permanent magnets in the stator repel this electromagnetic force causing the armature to spin. As long as electricity flows through the circuit, the motor will run.

CREATING A NEW BRAND FOR A NEW MARKET. TATANANO - ESTIMATING THE TUUE Case Study

CREATING A NEW BRAND FOR A NEW MARKET. TATANANO - ESTIMATING THE TUUE COST OF THE CHEAPEST CAR IN THE WORLD - Case Study Example Apart from all these features and benefits offered by the car, it is being promoted as a part of one of the biggest brands of India, Tata. Tata has already high share and in the vehicles industry of India for around 70 years. The company has developed strong brand equity by supplying low cost and quality products with innovations to compete with the international market. Tata is considered to be the ideal developer of the cheapest and most fuel efficient car in the mass market of India as they have the advantage of 65 years of market experience and brand loyalty in vehicle sector. For this reason the company has made huge investment in this Tata Nano project. Other competitors do not have a brand loyalty as Tata in the target market and for this reason have been reluctant to make huge investment in any new project. Tata takes the first mover advantage because of which Tata is market leader today in the cheapest vehicle customer segment. Question # 2: Most of the international countri es including EU are concerned about the environment effect which will be generated by the launch of Tata Nano. The most important effect is pollution which will be increased because of the excessive use of Tata Nano by consumers, as a result there will be high consumption of fuel and hence high emission of carbon gas would take place. This in turn will cause several diseases. Apart from this, when huge quantity of cars will be launched every year it will make the traffic congested in roads which in turn will cause traffic jams, hence creating daily routine problem for people. In response to all these environmental concerns of international countries, Tata justify their Tata Nano as a low pollution emission car as compared to other cars and they considered the car as an alternative of motorcycle and scooters. Tata Nano would create a bit more pollution then motorcycles and scooters but it would improve the living standard of the middle class sector. The people of India gives the pref erence to Tata Nano because a major part of population of India lives in rural areas and facing difficulties in travelling on motorcycles and scooters with their families, so Tata Nano will be a great alternative for them to use the car for business purpose and for family use also. Hence this car is beneficial in both aspects. Question # 3: The other companies would be concerned because Tata will supply their Nano product in a very large segment of around 50 million potential customers. Along with this the company already has high brand equity and loyalty in the mind of the consumers. For this reason, all other vehicle producers have been highly concerned with the situation. The launch of Tata Nano will directly affect the Bajaj motors low price and consumption vehicle. At the same time many producers of motorcycles and scooters will also be affected by the production and launch of Nano production. With a huge production plan of Nano, Tata motors can introduce this vehicle in intern ational market also because they are bearing a very low cost of production. Along with this the company has high brand image in the international market as one of the oldest producers of vehicles with quality products. Tata Nano would offer customers in foreign countries with a low price car option as it would cost around US $2500 which is the cheapest among all cars. Question # 4: With the

A policy dictating mandatory marriage classes before couples get Essay - 1

A policy dictating mandatory marriage classes before couples get married should be introduced - Essay Example This method is expressive and therefore I found it most appropriate for my work. It gives me room to express the project using figures, diagrams, tables, different colouration and symbols. The mode of presentation has a big room for creativity which allows the presentation of the work to be lively, attractive and entertaining. Some of the pictorials added to the presentations are very expressive and helps the reader to understand well the explanation made in the presentation. This mode also makes the work appear smart and memorable to the audience. Because of this attractiveness, the audience is more likely to be attentive to the presentation when it is made. My project is directed especially to policy makers at all levels. This is because this is a presentation which is building up support for an enactment of a policy therefore I need to convince the policy makers that this is a good policy for the society. There are other bodies which may care about this policy and thus about this presentation. The church is one of such bodies. In most churches divorce is discouraged and therefore church leaders may find this policy worth adopting in their policies. It is important for the government to formulate a new policy, one which will require couples to take mandatory marriage classes before they officially get married. This move will minimize the ever-rising cases of divorce and all the negativity and pain that are associated with it. In this presentation, the need and urgency for the institution of this policy is shown. This is done by showing that the causes of divorce can be handled if proper counseling is carried out. It is noted, with a lot of concern, that in first five years of marriage many couples opt for divorce. This is especially the trend for those who marry when they are young. A number of misconceptions about marriage are associated with this trend. Different states are making

In what ways television affects Essay Example for Free

In what ways television affects Essay AIM: I propose to find out what children say about how television affects their play. Socialisation is a very important concept in sociology and the role of the mass media is highly debateable. Many sociologists believe that media effects start by setting out an overall relationship between media and its audience. They are often called models of media effects. I will interview the children these interviews will be unstructured. The children will be interviewed separately. Gender will be a comparison I look at to and whether the gender affects whom the children imitate. CONTEXTS AND CONCEPTS: The study of Bandura Ross and Ross uses the term of social learning theory to assert that children copy behaviour another example of this is copycat violence found in Hagell Newburn’s study. In my research will ask the children whether they say they act violently due to the violent content they may have viewed and whether they have chosen to imitate these programs. Hagell Newburn’s study compared young offenders viewing behaviour with non-offending teenagers. They found the differences were few between the two groups and what they watched, with hardly any having seen the films that were causing the concern at that time. A few members of either group had an interest in a violent output. The young offenders had less access to different media types. Other factors instead of media could have been causing the differences in their behaviour. The other context being analysed is Bandura Ross Ross who looked at whether children learnt behaviour through observation. This is the idea of the social learning theory. Children were made to watch a violent model be aggressive towards a five-foot ‘bobo’ doll. Later the children were given an aggressive arousal and then taken to another room where they were monitored as to how they reacted towards the ‘bobo’ doll, after seeing a model do this. The different concepts are is copycat violence this is violence that occurs as a result of copying what is seen in the media. Catharsis another theory is the process where tension is relieved, for example violence on screen that provides a safe outlet for people’s violent inclination. The final concept is desensitisation some theorists argue that the constant media diet of violence makes them less sensitive to real human suffering. These concepts tie in with the idea children are passive sociologists believe this, children respond easily to everything. This is the reason for watershed on T. V at 9pm because what comes on television isn’t suitable enough for children and there is a fear that the children will imitate this behaviour. (337) MAIN RESEARCH METHOD AND REASONS: The method I will be using is by interviewing the children by asking them to explain the reason for their behaviour. The questions I will ask the children will be questions not only requiring the answers that I need but there will be a series of distracting questions so the children will not know the aim of the questions being asked. Interviews are an advantage because it is better to gather all the information needed for an interview because you get to understand what the interviewee’s true opinions are. Interviews are flexible and can be used in different ways; also the ethical advantage is consent of the participants the theoretical advantage is that at applies to the law of interpretivists (Action theory). You can use empathy to understand their opinions in depth; these methods generate higher levels of validity of these results. They give a general understanding of the problem, there is less pressure on the interviewee and their answers are more spontaneous. Important concepts are uncovered about the information that will help me conclude whether the children imitate what they watch. When interviewing the children I will be asking them which programs they imitate and this will give me an insight into whether there is a pattern with what they watch. The sample I will be using for the interviews are of children from the ages of five to ten years old, because at this stage of childhood where television will be their main interest and there is a large variety if television for children of these ages also this is the age children are most likely to be influenced by the media. The genders of the children being used are varied so I will be using five boys and five girls. The children all come from the Borough of Newham of East London. It is easier for me if the children are living in the same borough there will be an easier access to these children and it will be easier for me and the children. The sample of the children I will be studying is opportunity sampling as the sample depends on whether the adults agree to their children being in the sample. The consent for whether the child will participate will be the decision of the adults. In Bandura’s study he gave the children an aggressive arousal and in this study will not do this as the aggressive arousal means that the children could have acted violently because of the arousal given and not because they were imitating the models behaviour. (425) POTNETIAL PROBLEMS The interviews of the amount of children I will be looking at can be very time consuming. With this study I need to be aware that the sample isn’t appropriate enough to apply to the whole population because all the children are from the same background and all from a similar ethical background and there may be a pattern in their behaviour. The main practical issue is whether the adults will allow their children to take part in the study. These types of questionnaires are basically a conversation dominates by the interviewer. These unstructured interviews may also go off the initial idea of what is being interviewed. Also with the amount of children I will be looking at and the sample of children I will be looking at there will be a lot of activity so it may be difficult to record all of their behaviour. These interviews are more difficult to analyse, and there are less details provided on the concept being asked. Ethical problems are mental harm to the children if they don’t like the questions being asked of them. Right to withdraw will be an ethical issue also because the children may not feel they have the right to leave and stop asking the questions. The final ethical issue is informed consent, which will be coming from the child and not the parents. The children should be able to make the decision but when a child is involved the parents have the consent. Time consumption is a practical issue through finding time to interview ten children. Being able to get the children to understand the question and also to cooperate may be difficult. Likewise another ethical issue is the children may not understand the debriefing. If they don’t understand the debriefing there will be an issue of this ethical guideline and the parents will also have to also be debriefed too.

Seasons Of A Mans Life Essay -- essays research papers

Daniel J. Levinson wrote The Seasons of A Man's Life. Mr. Levinson conducted his research for the book in the late 1960's. At that time he was a Professor of Psychology in the Department of Psychiatry of the Yale University School of Medicine, Director of Psychology in the Connecticut Mental Health Center and Director of the Research Unit for Social Psychology and Psychiatry. Early in the book, Mr. Levinson states his reasons for engaging in the research of male adult development and for ultimately writing the book. "The choice of topic reflected a personal concern: at 46, I wanted to study the transition into middle age in order to understand what I had been going through myself. Over the previous ten years of my life had changed in crucial ways; I had developed in a sense I could not articulate. The study would cast light on my own experience and, I hoped, contribute to an understanding of adult development in general." The book is completely about Levinson's theory of male adult development. Levinson acquired his research by interviewing 40 men between the ages of 35 and 45 from four different occupational groups. Through his interviews, Levinson believed that all males pass through a series of stages, each of which presents a different problem to be solved. The first stage is known as the early adult transition (ages 17-22). The problem is to develop a sense of independence by separating from one's family and trying out different lifestyles. This is the stage where hopes and dreams are formulated. The next stage is entering the adult world (ages 22-28). The problem at this stage is to explore and obtain the many adult roles that are needed to be happy and successful in one's career and relationships. A set of priorities begin to form. The age-thirty transition (ages 28-33) happens next. In this stage the man establishes his role in society, builds a nest, and pursues more long- range plans and goals. His problem may be evaluating earlier career choices and goals. Immediately following the age-thirty transition is the settling down stage (ages 33-40). The problem here is to develop a sense of success in the major areas of one's life, primarily one's career and relationships.  ... ...th previous decisions, such as by becoming more committed to one's family or career. I feel that the book was written very well. It went in-depth in mapping out the stages and the events in each one of the stages. I could relate to some but most I could not since Levinson limited his research to only males. I am a female and only 22 so I have just barely entered into the early adult era. Looking at older males around me I can see some of what Levinson has stated to be true, however, I just don't believe that every male is going to go through the life stages just as he says. I think that for the time when this book was written, Levinson probably did a great job in describing the stages. Most of the men that he interviewed were born before and during the Depression. What was true for the men that were interviewed may not be true for today's 40-year-olds. By reading this book I can atbest say that I have a more complete understanding of male adult development. Reference Levinson, D. J. (1977). The Seasons of a Man's Life. Ballantine Books.

The Impact of Public Policies on Young Voters

On December 21, 1970, the Supreme Court of the United States made a decision that would drastically affect the lives of many yong adults/ By a vote of five to four, the Court declared that eighteen year olds could vote in National Elections provided they meet the normal requirements of citizenship, residency, and registration issued by their homes states (Mitchell 1). This was a great step for youths in both political and nonpolitical aspects in the way that it shows responsibility and awareness in our society. Since the majority of those affected by this policy are either in school or full time members of the woking field, they will likely recieve a lower income, therefore feeling the impact of the rising cost of living and education. Public policies have a great impact on the eitheen to twenty year old voters. For example, economic policies affecting their basic life chances and policies regarding their lifestyle and personal liberties. By its policies, government can grant or deny substantial benefits to young workers and students. Likewise, it can impose heavy burdens and controls such as budget cuts. These cuts could cause state legislators to reduce spending on education and increase tuition and/or fees. That could cause great controversy among youth who depend on government funds to better their education, possibly setting back their efforts. Since the erly 1900's, youth have shown leadership by expressing their ideas and opinions with strong and persuasive actions, many of which contribute to their awareness and impact on society today. For example, if our government can trust our youth to be mature and capable of enlisting in the military at the age of eighteen, then they are mature enough to vote as to who the commander in chief will be. If one is considered capable of scarificing thier life for the lives of America by handling both the mental and physical burdens brought by war, then one should be capable of deciding their own factors of life. There are also many downsides to a fresh group of voters. For example, manyt youths may not choose or qualify to vote. Since some of the youth come from lower classs, they will most likely be unable to pass the qualifications in reading or other catagories because of the lack of basic education. If a youth comes from a family of wealth, odds are their family will greatly influence their choice in elections on if they vote democratic or republic (Mitchell 3). As citizens of the United States, the constituiton allows us the right to vote when we are eighteen. To depel of this right, legislatures would have to pass a bill in the house of representatives and have that bill ratified in the senate to repeal the ammendment. This would have profound effects on the population, especially among the sector of the population who falls in the age caegories of 18 and 20. This would cause major riots and extreme outbreaks that would be non-beneficial to the government. However, to fail to vote in the interest of protecting their rights and benefits, or to change it by incluuding other benefits, des not seem wise. The ability to vote is a great advantage if used correctly. If one qualifies for the ability to vote it is to their advantage to voice their opinions in order that they might make a chang. The ability to vote opens doors for many changes and profressions. By including a more divers representation of people, we will have a better and stronger government. Including views from the yound and old to the rich and poor, we will b able to better understand the people of America. For a government to run properly, it should represent all of its people and not just a select group. By allowing our youth th be capable of the responsiblity to votem we are slowly taking a step forward to this unity amongst our government. In an effort to get Americans involved with the political process, we should make every effort to educate Americans in the ways of politics. Since yout is, of all age groups, the most flesible and able to learn, 18 is the perfect age to begin the molding of a new, political mind. With the ability to vote, we can voice our opinions on taxes and wages along with other things sicj as entertainment and clothign, all which may effect our lives on a daily basis. With the ability to speak out in a sophisticated, mature matter, with a vote, one's chances of being heard is greater.

Succubus Blues CHAPTER 16

â€Å"Georgina?† â€Å"I'm still here.† â€Å"Pretty fucked up, huh? I guess this kills your angel theory.† â€Å"I'm not so sure.† My initial feeling of dismay was being replaced by a new idea, one that had been percolating in the back of my mind ever since I read the biblical passage at Terry and Andrea's. I wondered now†¦ wondered exactly what we were dealing with, if it was an angel after all. The words in Genesis came back to me: There were giants in the earth in those days†¦ the same became mighty men which were of old, men of renown†¦ â€Å"What's Jerome saying about all of this?† â€Å"Nothing. What'd you expect?† â€Å"Everyone else is okay, though?† â€Å"Fine, last I knew. What are you going to do? Nothing stupid, I hope.† â€Å"I have to go check on something.† â€Å"Georgina†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Hugh warned. â€Å"Yeah?† â€Å"Be careful. Jerome's in a terrible mood over all of this.† I laughed harshly. â€Å"I can imagine.† An awkward silence hung on the line. â€Å"What else aren't you telling me?† He hesitated a moment longer. â€Å"This†¦ this is a surprise to you, right? This Lucinda thing?† â€Å"Of course it is. Why wouldn't it be?† Another pause. â€Å"It's just†¦ well, you've got to admit it's kind of weird, first Duane†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Hugh!† â€Å"And then, I mean, when no one could contact you†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"I told you, my cell phone broke. You can't be serious about this.† â€Å"No, no. It's just†¦ I don't know. I'll talk to you later.† I disconnected. Lucinda dead? Lucinda, with her plaid skirt and bob? It was impossible. I felt terrible; I'd just seen her the other day. Sure, I'd called her a sanctimonious bitch, but I hadn't wanted this. Any more than I'd wanted Duane dead. Yet, the connections Hugh had drawn were weird, weirder than I liked to admit. I'd argued with both Duane and Lucinda, and they'd died shortly thereafter. But Hugh†¦ how did he fit in? Some friend. From what I heard, he received a great deal of amusement telling anyone that would listen about your little whip and wings getup. I remembered Luanda's jibe. I had indeed had a small flare-up with the imp just before his attack. A small flare-up and a small attack, considering he had lived. I shivered, unsure as to what this meant. Doug walked in. â€Å"You get everything straightened out?† â€Å"Yeah. Thanks.† We stood there uncomfortably for a moment until I finally unlocked the floodgates of my guilt. â€Å"Doug, I-â€Å" â€Å"Forget it, Kincaid. It's nothing.† â€Å"What I said, I shouldn't have. I was – â€Å" â€Å"Wasted. Trashed. Flat on your ass drunk. It happens.† â€Å"Still, I had no right. You were trying to be nice, and I turned complete psycho bitch on you.† â€Å"You weren't that psycho.† â€Å"But definitely a bitch?† â€Å"Well†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He hid a smile, not meeting my eyes. â€Å"I'm sorry, Doug. I'm really sorry.† â€Å"Quit it. I can't take much more of this sentimentality.† I leaned over and squeezed his arm, resting my head slightly on his shoulder. â€Å"You're a good guy, Doug. A really good guy. And a good friend. And I'm sorry†¦ sorry for a lot of things that have – or haven't – happened between us.† â€Å"Hey, forget about it. It's nothing between friends, Kin- caid.† A pregnant pause hung between us; he was still clearly uncomfortable with this exchange. â€Å"Did†¦ did everything turn out all right? I lost track of you after the show. That outfit you have on doesn't reassure me any.† â€Å"You'll never believe whose shirt this is,† I teased, subsequently telling him the whole tale of getting sick with Seth and the follow-up birthday party. Doug was pushing hysterics by the time I finished, albeit in a relieved sort of way. â€Å"Mortensen's a good guy,† he finally said, still laughing. â€Å"He says the same thing about you.† Doug grinned. â€Å"You know he's – oh, man. I forgot, what with all those phone calls.† Turning to the desk, he sifted through papers and books, finally producing a small white envelope. â€Å"You got a note. Paige said she found it last night. I hope it's good news.† â€Å"Yeah, me too.† But I had my doubts when I saw it. I took it gingerly, like something that might burn me. The paper and calligraphy were identical to the last one's. Opening up the envelope, I read: So you're interested in fallen angels, are you? Well, there'll be a hands-on demonstration tonight. It should prove more informative than your current endeavors and won't require you screwing your boss in order to get help with extrapolation – not that watching you make a whore of yourself didn't have its moments. I looked up, meeting Doug's curious eyes. â€Å"No worries,† I told him lightly, folding the note up and placing it in my purse. â€Å"This is old news.† Hugh's report implied Lucinda had been killed last night, and this note had been slipped to me beforehand, according to Doug. The warning had gone unheeded. This person apparently didn't have a good grasp of my schedule, or they hadn't wanted me to actually act beforehand. It was more like a scare tactic. Whatever their point in giving me a heads-up on Lucinda, it was nothing compared to the other reference in the note. The thought that someone had watched me have sex with Warren made my skin crawl. â€Å"Where are you off to now?† Doug asked. â€Å"Believe it or not, I need to find a book.† â€Å"You're in the right place.† We went back out to the information desk, where Tammi stood. It pleased me to see Doug training her in this post; we'd need people available for all jobs when the holidays came. â€Å"Practice time,† I told her. â€Å"Tell me where we keep this book.† I gave her the name, and she looked it up in the computer, frowning at the results. â€Å"We don't. We can order it for you.† I scowled, suddenly understanding why people seemed so pissed off when I told them that. â€Å"Great,† I muttered. â€Å"Where am I going to get it tonight?† Erik probably stocked it, but he'd be closed by now. â€Å"I hate to recommend this,† joked Doug, â€Å"but a library might have it.† â€Å"Maybe†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I eyed a clock, unsure how late the local branches stayed open. â€Å"Um, Georgina?† began Tammi carefully. â€Å"I know a place that has it. And that's still open.† I turned to her in surprise. â€Å"Really? Where – no. No. Not there.† â€Å"I'm sorry.† Her blue eyes pleaded with me to forgive her for such tidings. â€Å"But there were three copies in stock the last time I was there. They couldn't have sold out.† I groaned, rubbing my temples. â€Å"I can't go in there. Doug, you want to run an errand for me?† â€Å"I've got to close,† he admonished. â€Å"What place are you avoiding?† † Krystal Starz, home of ‘freaky witch woman.' â€Å" â€Å"You couldn't pay me to go there.† â€Å"You could pay me,† noted Tammi, â€Å"but I'm closing too. If it makes it any easier, she's not there all the time.† â€Å"Yeah,† added Doug helpfully. â€Å"No manager is always on-duty. She must have other staff to cover her.† â€Å"Unless they're short-staffed,† I muttered. The irony. I left the store and got into my car for the journey to Krystal Starz. As I drove, I reflected on the two pieces of information I'd gleaned today. First, the nephilim reference. The King James translation had mentioned angelic offspring, even mentioned them as being abnormal, but I had never considered the possibilities half-angel children might present. The annotation in Terry and Andrea's translation had elaborated only slightly more on such creatures, but it had been enough to spring a lock in my head. Who better, I thought, to take on both angels and demons than some sort of bastard demigod? Of course, the whole discovery of the nephilim had come about as a spin-off to the verse Erik had given me about fallen angels. I could be running away with a blind lead here when really the culprit was just a regular immortal, albeit an unstable one, slaying members of both sides. After all, I still hadn't ruled Carter out of the realm of suspects, nor had I figured out why said killer would finish the job with Duane and Lucinda but let Hugh live. My other piece of data today, the new note, offered little I hadn't already known. I'd simply found it too late for it to be of preemptive use. And if some voyeur was following me around, there was nothing I could do about that either. Yet, it led to the obvious question: Why was this person following me around? Evidence suggested I was the only one receiving such attention, the only one receiving notes. And again, there was the niggling truth: Everyone I'd fought with had later become a victim†¦ When I had almost reached Krystal Starz, I pulled off onto a deserted street. Unbeknownst to Tammi and Doug, I already had a simple solution for facing Helena. Stripping out of the dress and Seth's shirt, lest they be consumed, I shape-shifted, taking on the guise of a tall, willowy Thai woman in a linen dress. I sometimes used this body to hunt in. The New Age bookstore was quiet when I entered, with only a couple of browsing customers. I saw the same boyish acolyte from before manning the register, and blessing upon blessing, I couldn't see Helena anywhere. Even disguised, I still had no desire to run into that nutcase. Smiling at the young man behind the counter, I approached and asked where I could find the book. Grinning back like an idiot – this was a very attractive form, after all – he led me to a certain section in their cryptic cataloging system, immediately finding the book. As Tammi had said, the store stocked three copies. We returned to the register to cash out, and I sighed in relief, thinking I was going to make it out of here unscathed. No such luck. The back door leading to the conference room opened, and Helena glided out as though conjured, clad in a flowing fuchsia gown, laden with her usual ten pounds of necklaces. Damn it. It was like the woman really did have a sixth sense or something. â€Å"Things are well, Roger?† she asked the clerk, using her raspy show voice. â€Å"Yes, yes.† He bobbed his head eagerly, apparently thrilled that she'd call him by first name. Turning to me, she gave me one of her diva smiles. â€Å"Hello, my dear. How are you this evening?† Remembering that this persona had no grudge with her, I forced a smile and answered politely, â€Å"Good, thank you.† â€Å"I imagine so,† she told me gravely as I handed cash to the boy, â€Å"because I sense excellent things about your aura.† I widened my eyes in what I hoped was a laywoman's awe. â€Å"Really?† She nodded, pleased at an appreciative audience. â€Å"Very bright. Very strong. Lots of color. You have good things in store for you.† This message was a far cry from the one she'd given me at Emerald City, I thought. Seeing my book, she eyed me sharply, probably because it was dense and filled with research, as opposed to most of the fluff she sold. â€Å"I'm surprised. I would have expected you to be reading up on how to focus your gifts more. Maximize your full potential. I have several titles I can recommend if you're interested.† Didn't this woman ever stop with the sales pitching? â€Å"Oh, I'd love to,† I oozed back, â€Å"but I only brought enough cash for this.† I gestured to the bag now in hand. â€Å"I understand,† she told me gravely. â€Å"Let me show you anyway. So you'll know what to come back for next time.† Torn, I contemplated which would cause me the most discomfort: going along with her or starting a feud in yet another body. Noticing a clock, I saw that the store closed in fifteen minutes. She couldn't waste that much of my time. â€Å"Okay. I'd love to.† Beaming, Helena led me across the store, another victim in her thrall. As promised, we looked at books on utilizing the strongest parts of the aura, a few books on crystal channeling, and even one on how visualization could help bring about the things we most wanted. This last one was so painful, I wanted to beat myself in the head with it to end my suffering. â€Å"Don't underestimate the power of visualization,† she whispered. â€Å"You can control your own destiny, set your own paths, rules, and stakes. I can sense great potential in you, but following these principles can help you unlock more – all the things you'd want for a happy and fulfilling life. Career, home, husband, children.† An image of Seth's niece curled in my lap suddenly came unbidden to me, and I hastily turned away from Helena. Succubi bore no children. No such future waited for me, book or no. â€Å"I need to go. Thanks for your help.† â€Å"Of course,† she responded demurely, handing me a list she'd conveniently written the titles – and prices – upon. â€Å"And let me give you some brochures for our upcoming programs and events.† It didn't end. She finally released me once I was sufficiently laden with paper, all of which I dumped into the trash bin in the parking lot. Lord, I hated that woman. I supposed Helena the schmoozing con artist was better than Helena the raving lunatic who had been at Emerald City, but really, it was a tough call. At least I'd obtained the book, which was all that mattered. I pulled off at one of my favorite Chinese places on the way home, back in my normal shape. Carrying Harrington's book in, I ate General Tso's chicken while reading the entry on nephilim : Nephilim are first referenced in Genesis 6:4, where they are sometimes referred to as â€Å"giants † or â€Å"fallen ones.† Regardless of the word's translation, the nephilim's origin is clear from this passage: they are the semi-divine offspring of angels and human women. Genesis 6:4 refers to them as â€Å"mighty† and â€Å"men of renown.† The rest of the Bible makes little reference to the nephilim's angelic siring, but encounters with giants and men of â€Å"great stature† are frequently recorded in other books, such as Numbers, Deuteronomy, and Joshua. Some have speculated that the â€Å"great wickedness† prompting the flood in Genesis 6 was actually a result of the nephilim's corrupting influence on mankind. Further apocryphal readings, such as 1 Enoch, elaborate on the plight of the fallen angels and their families, describing how the corrupted angels taught â€Å"charms and enchantments† to their wives while their offspring ra n wild throughout the earth, slaughtering and causing strife among humans. The nephilim, gifted with great abilities much like those of the ancient Greek heroes, were nonetheless cursed by God and neglected by their parents, consigned to wander the earth all their days without peace until eventually destroyed for the sake of mankind. I looked up, feeling breathless. I had never heard of anything like this. I had been right in telling Erik practitioners were the worst to ask about their own histories; surely this was something someone should have told me about before. Angelic offspring. Were nephilim real? Were they still around? Or was I really just chasing a dead end here, following a distracting lead when I should have restricted my search to immortals of my caliber or above, like Carter? After all, these nephilim were half-human; they couldn't be all that powerful. After paying the bill, I walked out to my car, opening my fortune cookie as I went. It was empty. Charming. A light rain misted around me, and fatigue crept in around my edges, not surprising considering the last twenty-four hours. I couldn't find a parking spot when I arrived in Queen Anne, which indicated some sort of sporting event or show going on nearby. Grumbling, I parked seven blocks away from home, vowing to never again lease an apartment that only had street spots. The wind Seth and I had felt earlier was fading, normal since Seattle was not a wind-prone city. The rain picked up in intensity, however, further darkening my mood. I was halfway home when I heard footsteps behind me. Pausing, I turned to look back but saw nothing save slick pavement, blearily reflecting streetlights. No one was there. I turned back around, starting to pick up my pace until I did a mental head slap and simply turned invisible. Jerome was right; I did think like a human too much. Still, I didn't like the street I'd chosen back; it was too deserted. I needed to cut over and walk the rest of the distance on Queen Anne Avenue itself. I had just turned the corner when something impacted me hard on my back, knocking me forward six feet, startling me so much that I shifted back to visible. I tried to turn around, flailing at my attacker, but another blow hit me in the head hard, knocking me to my knees. The sense I had was of being struck by something hand and arm shaped, but it packed a punch, more like a baseball bat. Again, my attacker hit me, this time across one of my shoulder blades, and I cried out, hoping someone would hear me. Another strike swiped the side of my head, the force pushing me over onto my back. I squinted up, trying to catch sight of who was doing this, but all I could dimly discern was a dark, amorphous shape, bearing down on me fast and hard as another blow made contact with my jaw. I could not get up from that onslaught, could not fight against the pain descending on me harder and thicker than the rain around me. Suddenly, brilliant light filled my vision – light so brilliant it hurt. I was not alone in my assessment. My attacker recoiled, letting me go, and I heard a strange high-pitched scream emitted above me. Attracted by some irresistible lure, I looked toward the light. A white-hot pain seared my brain as I did, my eyes taking in the figure moving toward us: beautiful and terrible, all colors and none, white light and darkness, winged and armed with a sword, features shifting and indiscernible. The next scream I heard was my own, the agony and ecstasy of what I had seen scorching my senses, even though I could no longer see it. My vision had gone white-whiter-whitest until all was black, and I could see nothing at all. Then, silence fell. I sat there sobbing, hurting physically and spiritually. Footsteps came, and I felt someone kneel beside me. Somehow, despite my blindness, I knew it was not my attacker. That person had long since fled. â€Å"Georgina?† a familiar voice asked me. â€Å"Carter,† I gasped out, throwing my arms around him.

Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness essay

Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness essay Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness essay Strategic Management and Strategic Competitiveness essayCompany DescriptionPublic company chosen for analysis is Wal-Mart Stores Inc., further referred to as Walmart. Walmart is an international retailer with headquarters located in Bentonville, AR. The company operates in 27 countries and has more than 11,000 stores which can be classified as discount department stores, warehouse stores and supercenters (Yahoo Finance, 2014). Walmart is the largest retailer in the world, and is also labeled as the largest public corporation in the world as well as the largest private employer. Walmart currently employs more than 2.2 million people (Walmart, 2014). Business value of Walmart is also among the highest in the world, and its impact on local businesses in the regions where Walmart operates is very significant.Walmart was created in 1962, incorporated in 1969 and became a public company in 1972 (Walmart, 2014). The companys financial performance remained notable even during the recession, and currently Walmart shows stable growth, primarily due to the expansion into developing markets. During 2012, the company managed to increase its revenues by 4.9% and in 2013 revenues grew by 1.9%. The increase of net profit in 2012 constituted 8.28% and in 2013 Walmarts net profit declined by 5.75% (Yahoo Finance, 2014). The decrease of profits took place mainly due to the increase of general and administrative expenses. However, Walmarts operating margin is still slightly above industry average, while its quarterly revenue growth is almost 4 times lower compared to average growth rates in retail industry (Yahoo Finance, 2014). Walmarts strategy is centered around cost leadership, so its profits are likely to be lower compared to retailers focusing on premium customer segments.Impact of Globalization and Technology Changes on WalmartGlobalization had a notable impact on the development of Walmart, and Walmart, in its turn, become one of powerful drivers of globalization. First of all, globalization encouraged the expansion of Walmart inside the United States and overseas. Inside the U.S., Walmart used multidomestic strategy and launched stores with local responsiveness. Such strategy led to quick growth of Walmart inside the U.S. Outside the U.S., Walmart adopted a global strategy which was similar for all countries where it operated. Walmart used its economies of scale in order to achieve efficiency and to maintain cost leadership overseas. However, due to the impact of globalization Walmart also had to alter its strategy: in the countries where economies of scale were not so readily available; for example, global approach did not work in Germany and in China (Freeman, Harrison Wicks, 2007). Currently Walmart is moving towards transnational strategies in the majority of countries where it operates. Such strategy turned out to be efficient in the U.K., for example (Ireland, Hoskisson Hitt, 2014).Technology change was an important factor which was one of t he cornerstones of Walmart market leadership in retail industry. Walmart used technology to optimize its supply chain, to eliminate extra supply chain links, to share responsibility for delivering the orders with vendors and introduced an advanced information system allowing all supply chain participants to be involved in planning, forecasting demand and product replenishment activities (Freeman, Harrison Wicks, 2007). Furthermore, using RFID technology and smart tags, Walmart notably reduced internal transportation costs. Currently Walmart is working on using advanced technology to make its operations more sustainable and more environmentally friendly; in particular, Walmart is adopting light solar panels to supply its stores with electricity where appropriate (Ireland, Hoskisson Hitt, 2014).Application of Resource-Based and Industrial Organization Model to WalmartAccording to the industrial organization model, external factors shaping the environment in the industry are more imp ortant than internal factors for achieving business advantage. Therefore, basing on the industrial organization perspective, it is necessary to consider the attractiveness of the industry and Walmarts position in the industry in order to determine how Walmart could earn higher profits. Porters Five Forces model outlines five key factors determining the attractiveness of an industry: competitive rivalry, threat of new entrants, power of suppliers, threat of substitutes and power of buyers (Ireland, Hoskisson Hitt, 2014).In retail industry, competitive rivalry is very intensive as there exist various kinds of retail companies, the threat of new entrants is high since it is relatively easy to organize a retail shop in most countries, the power of suppliers is low (for large retailers), the threat of substitutes is high and the power of buyer is high, too. In general, the industry is quite challenging and competitive, and the company should develop unique competitive advantages to earn higher profits. In the case of Walmart, its key competitive advantages are economies of scale and cost leadership. The most straightforward way for Walmart to achieve higher profits would be to achieve further cost optimization, to use advanced technologies and to strengthen economies of scale.The focus of another model resource-based model is on internal resources. In terms of this model, the keys to market success are the companys tangible and intangible resources. Key resources should possess VRIO characteristics valuable, rare, inimitable and non-substitutable (Ireland, Hoskisson Hitt, 2014). Â  These resources can be used for creating a sustainable competitive advantage. In the case of Walmart, its key resource is its highly efficient supply chain (combined with Walmarts advanced information sharing system). It is valuable and hard to imitate, rare and cannot be substituted. In the context of resource-based model, Walmart should encourage further integration with its supp liers and other stakeholders and reduce operating costs due to better planning and demand forecasting.Impact of Mission and Vision Statement on Walmart SuccessVision statement of Walmart is not explicitly stated on its corporate website, but one of the key statements describing the company has clear characteristics of a vision statement: innovative thinking, leadership through service, and above all, our commitment to saving people money so they can live better have made us the business we are today and are shaping the company we will be tomorrow (Walmart 2014). Walmarts mission statement is currently formulated as follows: Saving people money so they can live better. Initially, Walmarts motto was stated as Always low prices, but eventually the focus of the company shifted from keeping prices low to increasing customer welfare.This change of mission was accompanied by the transformation of Walmarts business practices and goals. Initially, Walmart was focused on achieving market lead ership and offering lowest prices. This strategy was highly successful, but such approach also affected local businesses and employees. Eventually, Walmart agreed to slightly increase its bottom line in order to provide better conditions for people and communities. Therefore, Walmarts mission had a notable impact on its strategy and market positioning, and the change of mission was followed by the change of corporate strategy.Impact of Stakeholders on Walmarts SuccessWalmarts corporate success and development is notably influenced by different categories of stakeholders. In general, it is possible to identify the following stakeholders of Walmart: top management, store management, Walmart employees (non-managerial positions), suppliers, customers, competitors and communities. Naturally, top management, and especially Sam Walton, the founder of the company, had a dramatic impact on the companys success. The principles and values of Walmart laid by Sam Walton created the background fo r the companys success and let Walmart create a giant network of stores worldwide. Store managers have an influence on the companys local business decisions and are responsible for Walmarts success in specific areas.The relationships with suppliers are critical for Walmart. Walmart depends on supplier efficiency to remain competitive; the sustainability and environmental policy of suppliers are also important for Walmart. Recently Walmart started switching to suppliers from Asia to reduce costs. At the same time, Walmart currently became a global power so it also affects the suppliers: Walmart urges them to comply with quality standards, reduce waste, improve sustainability, etc. Hence, the role of suppliers in Walmarts business success is critical.The relationships with customers have a direct impact on Walmarts success. The companys revenues depend on customers, so Walmart focuses on keeping prices low and making the process of purchasing convenient and quick for the customer. Alt hough Walmarts cost cuts sometimes reduce the quality of customer experience, Walmart attempts to balance between cost cutting and customer convenience (Ferrell Fraedrich, 2014).Competitors influence Walmarts strategy in two ways: through offering better products and/or service compared to Walmart and filing lawsuits against Walmart. In the former case, Walmart is forced to become more competitive and more efficient, and therefore competition adds to its business success. In the latter case, Walmart has to defend itself and its strategy in the court and has to prove that it is not using predatory pricing to push other competitors out of business. In this case, competitors increase the costs of Walmart and make its market position slightly more vulnerable.Employees are valuable Walmarts stakeholders, and their role in Walmarts business rise is critical. The functioning of Walmart depends on the employees; at the same time, Walmart was suited many times for low wages, improper workin g conditions, discrimination and the lack of healthcare benefits (Ferrell Fraedrich, 2014). These legal challenges forced Walmart to reconsider its approach to employment, and currently HRM practices of Walmart have somewhat improved.The communities are also reshaping Walmarts strategy as community members force Walmart to pay attention to environmental regulations, sustainability, community development, etc. As a result, Walmart started paying more attention to corporate responsibility and started replacing technologies by more sustainable ones (Ferrell Fraedrich, 2014). These developments made Walmart more competitive and more efficient and therefore contributed to its market success.

Miranda warnings are essential

Miranda warnings are essential Free Online Research Papers On March 1, 1966, the case of Miranda v. Arizona was argued in the Supreme Court, and was decided on June 13, 1966. The issue was that prior to the time of arrest and any interrogation of a person suspected of a crime, he/she must be told that he/she has: the right to remain silent, the right to legal counsel, and the right to be told that anything he/she says can be used in court against him/her. Also, if the accused person confesses to the authorities, the prosecution must prove to the judge that the defendant was informed of them and knowingly waived those rights, before the confession can be introduced in the defendants criminal trial. The warnings are known as Miranda Rights. Although there are crusades against Miranda rights suggesting that it significantly harmed law enforcement efforts in this country. The Miranda rights have its advantages and should remain its continuum because of ample amount of false convictions and to stop abuse of power. Many argue that the cost of Miranda rights outweighs the benefits. Advocates of letting Miranda go, main arguments are over the number of lost confessions. To them it’s the belief that fewer people will confess if police warn them of their right to silence. Advocates would say that this procedure allows dangerous criminals back into the street. But, based on small percentages, it has been argued that Miranda rights have had only a minimal effect on law enforcement. This warning statement has been in place for years and has been met with extreme success. â€Å"It revolutionized criminal interrogations and was part of a larger revolution in the nature of both the Supreme Court and the federal system generally.† This decision took power out of the hands of law officials and placed it in the hands of judges. Before confessions were being obtained by coercion and police brutality. â€Å"What has proven to be a problem is the exclusionary rule feature of Miranda. That is the feature that throws out perfectly voluntary confession† Paul Cassell. It’s odd that this controversy has even arisen, because the Miranda Rights works for both sides. It gives the police a clear set of rules to follow. It makes it easier to admit confessions at trial, as long as the police obey the rules. It is fair to defendants because it informs them of their rights. It protects the basic fifth amendment right against self- incrimination. Miranda rights in the twentieth century has reduced police misconduct, preserved our independence, avoid false confessions and just overall is fair. It is the belief that these rights are of the utmost importance to every American citizen. We must decide on the constitutionality of these rights as critics of the constitution as well as people who may be affected by our own decisions. They must do a more thorough job so as to avoid unnecessary pain and disruption to lives of people who may be falsely accused and to be absolutely sure that they have the right person in custody. Not being aware of your rights is like being thrown into the drivers seat of a car having no idea as to which pedal is the accelerator and which is the brake. The problem with this way of thinking is that these people are not just suspects in a crime; they are people and should be treated as such. Miranda warnings are a safety net. Here, the court ruled that suspects have the right to remain silent and that prosecutors may not use statements made by suspects in police custody, unless they have been informed of their rights first. These advisements have kept innocent people out of prison and therefore not only saved the lives and futures of those people and their families but also saved this country a significant amount of money that can be put to use elsewhere. There are laws that 90% of the country is unaware of. The Supreme Court is now in the process of hearing arguments, and reviewing cases to decide if the Miranda rights are really constitutional, and therefore, enforceable. Some believe that it is not required to recite this warning when a suspect is arrested, rather it is required when and if the police decide to interrogate the suspect. It is the privilege of that suspect to either wave these rights or to remain silent and request that a lawyer be present at all times. The consequences were seen in Smith v. Illinois in which Smith was arrested for armed robbery, he was taken to an interrogation room and read his rights under Miranda v. Arizona. When officials asked whether he understood his right to a lawyer and to have a lawyer present during the questioning, he replied: Uh, yeah. Id like to do that. However, rather than stop the interrogation to meet Smiths request, the interrogating officers continued the interrogation; ultimately, he made incriminating statements. Smith’s motion to suppress the statements was denied, and he was convicted of armed robbery. His conviction was affirmed by both the Illinois Appellate Court and the Illinois Supreme Court, which held that his responses to continued police questioning made his initial request for a lawyer ambiguous and that the officers therefore were not required to terminate their questioning. Once Smith clearly stated he did want a lawyer all other questions shouldn’t have been asked afterward. This case brings up a strong point that not enough suspects use their right to cut off questioning after it has begun. This in fact is an important Miranda decision. Despite the fact that some people argue against it, in many others view It serves its purpose and we should also be reminded that the Miranda rights prevents self-incrimination in violation of the Fifth Amendment to the U. S. Constitution Research Papers on Miranda warnings are essentialUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresQuebec and CanadaCapital Punishment19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationPETSTEL analysis of IndiaNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This NiceDefinition of Export QuotasThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito

The Tension between Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces in Australia Essay

The Tension between Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces in Australia - Essay Example The Australian Commonwealth of States was set up in response to the need among the people to withstand and oppose the forces of colonialism, as symbolized by the rule of Britain. The authors of the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution were Chief Justice Griffith and Justices Barton and OConnor, who had intended that the Constitution of Australia should exist on its own merit and not merely as a British statute. The Australian Commonwealth Act of 1900 has accorded Federal powers to the Commonwealth such that Constitutional control of the Privy Council is retained, while central powers are reduced to their narrowest limits and in this manner, has made it possible for the States to unite under one common umbrella of central defense to proclaim national independence in the future. The Federation of six Australian States was formulated with the knowledge that the Commonwealth and the States were in and of themselves, sovereign states with their own spheres of authority. In formulating the Australian federation, the founders were not anxious to toe the Canadian line which was deemed too centralist and were more inclined to favor the loose administrative style of the American Federation that was more decentralized3. Through this, the Commonwealth was conferred with the powers to maintain the peace and to make laws for peace, order and for the good of the Commonwealth in all the areas that had been designated under Section 51 of the Constitution, whereby the States were permitted to retain all their powers, with the exception of those powers that were wrested away, for the common good of the Commonwealth. Such areas included defense and foreign affairs. Areas not specifically identified under the â€Å"central† jurisdiction are  designated as â€Å"resid ual powers† which in the case of a Federation like Australia are considered to be within the purview of the States, since Australia has a decentralized federal system, unlike Canada that has a centralized federal system of Government.

The Radiation Exposure in Hiroshima Research Paper

The Radiation Exposure in Hiroshima - Research Paper Example The intermediate stage lies between 10 and 12 weeks after the initial exposure to the radiation. The deaths in Hiroshima and Nagasaki stemmed from ionizing radiation. In Hiroshima alone, about 140,000 died instantly and 100,000 were seriously injured. Syndromes. That the damage that had been left by the nuclear radiation was extensive, is a matter that is underscored by the trail of medical or health complications it left in its wake. Some of the symptoms that Japan had to deal with include bleeding, hair loss, nausea, flash burns, blood cancer and a higher level of vulnerability to leukemia, malignant tumors, and cataracts. Some of the syndromes that accompanied the radiation included small brain size, skin, organ and blood cancer, lower Intelligence Quotient, mental retardation, cleft and lip palate, blindness, delayed development and Spinal Bifida. Other conditions that accompanied the radiation include. The fact that the radiation had claimed Hiroshima and Nagasaki’s 90 pe rcent of medical personnel and left many others disabled did not make things lighter. The same state of affairs also dilapidated medical supplies and resultantly, claimed more deaths. burns- Long-term impact on the exposed population * Cancers, genetic defects, other biologic effectsIn addition:- Define any radiation units used in your research paper (R, rem, rad, Ci, Sv, Gy, Bq, etc.)- Define the term LD 50/30- Describe the LD 50/30 in humans- Current standards for Effective Dose Equivalent limits for occupational and non-occupational exposures