Business Ethics Case Study Essay

1. Benji Watson is the type of individual corporations everywhere would be proud to have on their team. New Gen Health Sciences is not his only choice, and I do not believe it would be a wise choice for Benji. The mere fact the Benji is a Liberty University graduate tells New Gen that he values honesty, has strong moral principles and prefers to be ethical in his dealings. These are qualities any corporation would value in their employees, even though the corporate culture of New Gen does not place much value in them. Integrity â€Å"For everyone to whom much is given, of him shall much be required; and of him to whom men entrust much, they will require and demand all the more.† (Luke 12:48 Amplified Bible) God has entrusted Benju with the ability to excel in education. This talent will take him into many places where he will have the chance to show and witness to others just how good God is. If he decides to become a part of New Gen, a company he already knows have integrity issues, he could lose what God originally intended for good. He must â€Å"guard and keep the deposit entrusted to him.† (1Timothy 6:20 Amplified Bible) New Gen is rolling out the red carpet to Benji, showering him with gifts to paint a beautiful picture to hang in a house built of cards. He must guard himself, â€Å"Watch out for false prophets. They come to you in sheep’s clothing, but inwardly they are ferocious wolves.† (Matthew 7:15 New International Version) When the CEO displayed his blatant lack of morals, having no regards for the feelings of the mother of the crying infant, or when he called those same customers he cared so much about, fat and lazy, this should tell Benji exactly how he feels about people in general not just customers. As Christians we are supposed to show love and Business Ethics Case Study 2 compassion for others, not just in public but behind closed doors as well. If this is the attitude at the top it will not take long before it flows down to the rest of the employees. Top management tends to set the precedence for the whole company. Honesty â€Å"Factually false statements pervade everyday life. Though allocation between honest error and conscious deception is impossible, social science  supports Mark Twain’s assertion that ‘lying is universal.’† (10 First Amend. L. Rev. 465 2012)). While this may very well be a true statement, Christians should not have lying tongues. If Benji becomes a part of this organization, a lying tongue is exactly what he will have to have to be successful. The recruiter was quite proud of the way the P.R. people had constructed the lies on the website about the company and confident the lawyer would keep the ex-distributors quiet. Should Benji join this team he too will tell these same lies, and the Bible tell us â€Å"One who is faithful in a very little is also faithful in much and one who is dishonest in a very little is also dishonest in much.† (Luke 16:10 English Standard Version) Once you open the door for the little lie it will not take a lot of convincing to get you to tell one even bigger. If a company finds it so easy to lie to customers will they not also find it easy to lie to employees? Benji will never be able to have real peace about anything they say. It is difficult to make wise decisions when there is a lack of peace in our lives. One bad decision could lead to many more and before you know it your life has become a total wreck. The type of corporate culture New Gen has displayed will buy buildings, buy businesses and buy people. They will use them as long as they are turning a profit, selling their lies, but as soon Business Ethics Case Study 3 as their numbers drop, New Gen will drop them. No future can be built on a stack of lies. Benji should be looking forward to establishing a relationship with a company whose values line up with his. Does Benji really want to be a part of a corporate culture that is all about the amount of money they are making, having little regard for the lives they are touching. John Dobson says, â€Å"Conventional business ethics is being exposed as a ‘naked emperor’: a discipline with no sound conceptual foundation† (Dobson, 2014). As a child of God we should deal ethically with our brothers and sisters. We should build a foundation on how the word of God teaches us to love one another. True brotherly love would not allow us to knowingly mislead other people. By â€Å"keeping our lives from the love of money,† (Hebrews 3:5 English Standard Version), we will not sell out for the temporary pleasure money will bring. As Christians, having a wrong relationship with money will only bring destruction to us. We must let the word of God be the final authority  in our decisions. Benji should build his hopes on things eternal, keeping in mind the â€Å"the unrighteous shall not inherit the kingdom of God.† (1 Corinthians 6:9) There will be other job opportunities where his values and integrity are not compromised. He should seek God’s best for his life and it is obvious New Gen is not it. They know how business should be conducted, as their promotions claim, but instead they choose to deceive others to get ahead. Benji should stand on what he knows is right and let God reward him. Stern, Nat. Implications of Libel Doctrine for Nondefamotory Falsehoods Under The FirstAmendment. 10 First Amend. L. Rev. 465 (2012). Dobson, J. (n.d.). Virtue Ethics as a Foundation for Busines Ethics: a â€Å"MacIntyre-Based† Criique. . Retrieved June 30, 2014, from https://www.stthomas.edu/cathstudies/cst/conferences/antwerp/papers/Dobson.pdf

I am Sam [2001] directed by JessieNelson and The Curious Incident of the Dog the Night Time [2003] writtenby Mark Haddon

Narratives whatever the medium can reflect the cultural context that produced them. They can underline our dominant representations and perpetuate contemporary values which validate society's collective view of the world. Text's both non print and print are commercially driven, designed for public consumption. To attain mass appeal, texts act to confirm habitual ways of thinking and acting in the world. As a product of its contextual community, narratives amplify ideologies within society at the time the text was produced. With similar producer/audience social framework reader/viewers may actively engage ith the narrative to cross examine society's collective view of the world. The two contemporary texts I am Sam [2001] directed by Jessie Nelson and The Curious Incident of the Dog the Night Time [2003] written by Mark Haddon illustrate cultural narratives which reflect and assess the social frame work of their writer/producer. The two texts connect with contemporary culture to highlight the notion of happiness which underpins western society's dominant ideologies and cultural assumptions of success, mental/social intelligence, materialism and wealth. I am Sam directed by Jessie Nelson is an unforgettable story of life, ove and laughter. The touching tale glorifies two of the most ambiguous and controversial contemporary ideas on child rearing. The feature film maps a mentally challenged adult Sam Dawon [Sean Penn] who singularly raises his daughter Lucy up to her seventh birthday. As it soon becomes apparent that Lucy is intellectually surpassing her father, she begins to intentionally stunt her own growth. Which forces Lucy to walk the line between daughter and parent as her innocence and happiness are jeopardised when a series of misunderstandings leaves Sam fighting to retain custody of his seven year old daughter. This legal battle see's Sam seek the aid of self absorbed, successful lawyer Rita Harrison [Michelle Pfeiffer] who's ambition and sense of social failure pushes her into taking on Sam's case free of charge. Together they must find a way to communicate to each other, to their children and the legal system that a parent is a parent and no matter what the nature of a parent's intelligence or financial status, love is what every child needs. Mark Haddon's The curious incident of the dog in the night time is an original, clever and genuinely moving novel. The text amplifies many rofound issues of human relationships and accepting differences. This murder mystery novel maps fifteen year old Christopher John Francis Boone who knows all the countries of the world, their capitals and every prime number up to 7 057. He takes everything that he sees or is told at face value, and is unable to sort out the strange behaviour of his elders and peers. Although gifted with a superbly logical brain, Christopher is autistic. Routine, order and predictability protect him from the messy, wider world that is until he comes across his neighbour's poodle Wellington impaled on a garden pitch fork. Christopher seizes upon this mystery as a puzzle like a maths problem in hopes of understanding something that makes no sense to him; he sets out to solve the mystery of who killed Wellington. But the investigation leads him down some unexpected paths, as Christopher's write up of his discoveries for the creation of his murder mystery novel evolves into the story of his life. As Christopher is positioned face to face with the dissolution of his parent's marriage. As he tries to deal with the crisis within his own family, we are drawn to the workings of Christopher's mind. This highlights to readers an incredibly vivid xperience of what it is like to be some one who thinks and reacts so differently to what we consider the norm. The archetypical cultural assumptions which frame the notion of success and happiness in the western world classify those that do not conform as â€Å"others†; misunderstood individuals. Non print text I am Sam conveys those marginalised by the dominant western representations, of what constitutes success and happiness through the prototagonist construction of Sam Dawson [Sean Penn]. The technical codes of camera angles, framing, distance and movement are utilised by the text to present the truggle taking place in Sam's head. Viewers are positioned to see the world through Sam's eyes with whirling handheld cameras, whop pans and staccato jump cuts mimicking Sam's bewildered point of view. This si evident in the feature films opening scene. The introductory montage frames Sam's hands colour coordinating sugar packets; the distance and position of the shots positions viewers in Sam's point of view. This intimate frame connected to John Powell's music of an polyphonic upbeat, fugue foregrounds the abstract ambience of Sam Dawson's consciousness. Encouraging viewer's curiosity to wonder why the world is different for him. Though audience perception of Sam is incomplete without the audio and symbolic codes which help fabricate Sean's Penn's character. Penn's mannerisms and vocal distortions evidently present Sam as ‘different'. as Sam Sean Penn speaks in tight toneless clumps, punctuated by bursts of childlike glee. As evident in the opening scene. Sam: â€Å"decafe double tall non fat for Bruce† Customer [Bruce] :†you've got it buddy† hands connect in high five slap Sam: â€Å"that's a wonderful choice Bruce† Customer [Bruce] :†thankyou Sam† Sam: â€Å"yeah it certainly is†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ † Customer [Bruce] :†thankyou†¦ † Sam's manner of walking and holding his hands contributes to convey the struggle taking place in his head. As presented in this initial scene. Sam claps his hands and pounds every surface drumming out a beat to a song only he can hear. This quick paced opening constructs Sam to exist as the western society ‘mist understood' individual. With the social status, emotional and intellectual state of the character being perpetuated endorsing the values and cultural assumptions that frame the notion of success and happiness. The grown man earning $8 dollars an hour exists in a parallel universe to the world of dominant western members. The conventions and techniques of construction employed by the text to formulate the underlying expectations which constitute success and happiness with Sam an explicit representation of those individuals who subvert the naturalised ideology. Contemporary western society ideologies of success and happiness have mapped archetypal cultural assumptions which individuals must conform to represent one who upholds the respecting values. Feature film I am Sam erpetuates the notion of success and happiness via Rita Harrison [Michelle Pfeiffer] who acts to affirm dominant representations. Beverly Hills Lawyer, Rita Harrison conveys a lifestyle which much of western society uphold or aspire to; too busy for anything, caught up in games and rat races, that we believe will bring money, status, power and thus entitle individuals to success and happiness. Symbolic codes are employed by the text to construct Rita to represent society's archetypal assumptions of success and happiness. Binary opposition of the archetypal cultural assumptions which oreground the notion of success and happiness in the modern western world reflect yet shape the social frame work of the texts writing/reading/viewing. Feature films allow us to enter worlds outside our own lives and challenge us to see things in different ways. Contemporary text I am Sam amplifies the naturalised ideologies within society at the time the narrative was produced, highlighting the notion of success and happiness in the modern western world. The text offers a confirmation of society's existing archetypal cultural assum ptions which frame the notion of success and happiness. Though I am Sam offers another perspective of those most often marginalised by the dominant western representation. Binary opposition of how we interact and perceive the world reflects yet challenges the archetypal cultural assumptions which frame the notion of happiness and success. Operating to shape the social frame work of the texts writing/reading. The Curious Incident of the Dog the Night Time, offers readers to see the world though fresh eyes, in a different way. Not only does the novel position readers to see how a child with Asperger's syndrome might approach the world around him, it opens ndividual readers eye's purely by his different approach. Haddon's strength is his ability to present to the reader common situations as looked at from Christopher's new and some what disconcerting perspective. â€Å"Most people are lazy. They never look at everything. They do what is glancing which is the same word for bumping off something and carrying on in almost the same direction, eg when a snooker ball glances off another snooker ball. And the information in their head is really simple. For example, if they are in the country side, it might be 1. I am standing in a field that is full of grass. . There are some cows in the fields 3. It is sunny with a few clouds 4. There are some flowers in the grass. 5. There is a village ion the distance 6. There is a fence at the edge of the field and it has a gate in. And then they would stop noticing because they would be thinking something else like, ‘Oh, it is very beautiful here,' or, ‘I'm worried that I might have left the gas cooker on,' or, ‘I wonder if Julie has given birth yet. ‘ But if I'm standing in a field in the countryside I notice everything. ‘ This disorienting and reorienting of the reader manages to bring readers eep inside Christopher's mind and situate them comfortably within his limited, severely logical point of view. To the extent that readers begin to question the common sense and erratic emotionalism of the normal western citizens who surround, the protagonist, as well as contemporary western institutions and habits of perception. Positioning readers to consider how their individual mind works and how that may differ from others. Guiding readers to critique aspects of western life by means of the naturalised ideologies and cultural assumptions majority of western citizens uphold as their understandings and view of the world re transformed. The misunderstood individual is one which subverts the confimity of domiant cultural frame works. Archetypal cultural assumptions which formulate the notion of happiness in the contempory western world are perpetuated and reinforced through print text The Curious Incident of the Dog the Night Time. As Haddon's explict misanthropy represenation of protagonist Christopher vaildates the underlying expectations which constitues the notion of happiness and success. As readers examinate a condition that is barely comprehended by society, demonstrating how society responds to those it views as abberrant. Haddon presentsthe story in Chrisopher's words as the style of writing contributes to reflect the protagonist perpective. With fragmented chapters of breathless paragraphs and short staccato burts which are framed by unconventional prime numbers to subhead chapters in plcae of cardinal numbers accounts the novel like a stream of logic rather than a stream of cosciousness. The narration allernates with mathematical material, riddles, maps and drawings which demonstrates how Christopher's life is intensely visual; with words and language as secondary forms of communication. Utimately the novel regards the predicatable laws of science far easier to grasp than the passions of people, and hence less frightening. But at the same time, this book affrims for us the importance of such emotions and even if our narrator does not in the end appricate this, the reader does. As the misanthrope perpective where logic is that of paramount importance, perpetuates archetypal cultural assumptions as readers learn to appreicate their social skills which enable them to cope with the myriads of daily hurdles. A fansinating moment in the narrative which maps the cultural aleination of Christopher comes when the young boy realtes his faviour dream. † † A world in which all normal people die of a virus that the autistic are immuine to. The autistic are then free to lead their lives in silence and without the need to look others in the eye or to interpret idiomatic speech. This misanthrope thought constructs protagonist Christopher as an individual whom does not conform to the underlying expectations which constitute teh notion of happiness in the western world. The techniques of construction that present Christopher's perpective postion readers to percieve his austic view point as aberrant. Reinforcing the cultural assumptions as means of conforms of the notion as Christopher explictly subverts them. Print texts provide an ideal avenue to reflect society's values and alter reader's personal perspectives by improving their understandings of the world and social frame work which surround them. Contemporary text The Curious Incident of the Dog the Night Time amplifies the naturalised ideologies within society at the time the narrative was roduced, highlighting the notion of happiness and the cultural assumptions which it advocates. Haddon's novel presents a confirmation of western society's existing ways of thinking and behaving. In doing so The Curious Incident of the Dog the Night Time is an potential site to reassess naturalised idealogies. As readers are guided by the narrative to cross examine their own individual social frame work. As Haddon takes a life that seems horribly constrained and invites readers to view this life with succient imagination demonstrating it to be infinite. But the text does more than that. It sights how little seperates us from those we turn away from in the street. It's about how badly we communicate with one another. It's about accepting that every life is narrow and that our only escape from this is not to run away [to another country, another relationship, a slimmer, more confident self] but to learn to love the people we are and the world in which we find ourselfs. Haddons use of cognitive astrayment through Christophers severly logical point of view popstions readers to question the common sense and cultural assumptions of their own western instiutions, and habits of perception. For example; I found myself questioning whether it is any less logical for 3 red cars to mean that a happy day is ahead, than it is for the frequently western practised symbol of ‘sunshine' meanign a good rewarding day is in advance. As Christopher says â€Å"People go on hoildays to see new things†¦. but i think that there are so many things just in one house that it would take years to think about all of them properly† This vivid portrait of an unique often marginlised perception of life coping rituals highlights the small things in life that most of us forget to look at. The ‘life lessons' situate readers to acknowledge the commonly framed ‘invaild' can excel the minds of those individuals who conform to cultural assumptions. As readers learn although Christopher's path is different from most, he is still in search for the happiness we all seek†¦ As readers appreciate teh strange unique beauty of Chrisophers grasp of life. Which demonstrates the profound functions of the human mind and encourages individuality as the text proves idealogies are apparent without cultural frameworks.

The Impact of Globalisation on Recent Changes to Employment Patterns Assignment

The Impact of Globalisation on Recent Changes to Employment Patterns and Structure - Assignment Example The reason behind choosing China is that it offers an evident change in the employment patterns and structures after the globalization. Moreover evidences show that globalization has also hugely impacted in the national economy of China. The basic purpose of the project is to identify the impact of globalization on the Chinese employment pattern and structure. Now in order to fulfill the purpose of the study, the report will study various other aspects. It mainly includes the impact of globalization on the global employment pattern, and various other concepts related to the globalization. The report will highly stress on the concepts of industrial relations in the Chinese context and will emphasize on how industrial relation and globalization are linked. The project has a huge scope, but due to constraints in time and money it remained focused only on some of the specific areas. The project only remained focused on the Chinese employment pattern. ... However it is believed that relevant and substantial literature on this work will be found for the purpose of completing the report. Now in order to fulfill the study the report will take the following structure. At first the report will be presenting a brief description regarding the evolution of the concept of globalization. In this segment the concept of globalization will be portrayed in accordance with the effect of employment in various countries of the world. This section will also offer insights about the industrial relations. The industrial relations will be in accordance with the Chinese context. The second segment of the report will be highlighting the about the various issue of employment in China. This section will further offer a number of statistical data in order to justify the claims. Furthermore literature of this topic will be also consulted. The discussion segment will be also presenting other factors such as the global employment patterns, the employment patterns of China and also the impact of globalization on the Chinese employment structures and patterns. The third section will be concluding the project. The conclusion will be done on the basis of the level of impact of globalization on the present employment structur4ev and policies. Moreover it will also discuss about the ways by which globalization is impacting the employment patterns in China. In addition to that the report also proposes to shed light on the direct impact of globalization on employment. The next and final segment of the report is for offering some recommendation or suggestion in order to address this issue. The key recommendation of the projects is that the government of China must consider sustainable growth by reducing the level of inequality in income. This can be

A Significant Event in My Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

A Significant Event in My Life - Essay Example Towards the end of the year, we received an assignment which was meant to be important for our final grade. I decided that I would complete this work on time and put in all my strength to complete it in the best possible manner. I planned on how I would complete the work but things did not work according to my planning. I fell ill for a week which made matters worse. I could not complete my assignment on time and I did not understand what explanation I would provide to my teacher. On the day of submission, I reached school and I was very confused about how I was supposed to handle this situation. I eventually decided to copy my classmate’s assignment and submit it. I wrote the assignment and when the teacher asked for it, I submitted the work. The teacher analyzed our assignments and she found out that I had cheated. This led to the creation of a very dreadful situation for me. The teacher insulted me in class and I was very embarrassed. She sent my complaint to the principal and my parents were called for a meeting. I was scolded by the principal as well as my parents and a warning letter was issued to me. I realized my mistake and I decided that I would never indulge in such an act again. This incident left a strong impact on me. I deeply regretted my mistake and I understood that I committed a wrong act. I promised myself that I would never commit such a mistake again. I also made up my mind that I would always be regular in my studies and complete my work on time. I decided to organize myself and learn proper time management skills. I learned my lesson and I realized that a person should never opt for the wrong means.  

Leadership Traits - Donald Trump Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leadership Traits - Donald Trump - Assignment Example In 1981, he bought the Trump Plaza in New York City and in 1982, bought a weekend estate in Greenwich, Connecticut. In 1983, the construction of Trump Tower was completed and USFL New Jersey Generals was acquired. In 1984, Trump opened Harrah’s at Trump Plaza Casino in Atlantic City. Trump bought Mar-a-Lago estate in Palm Beach, Florida in 1985. In 1987 came the New York Times best seller â€Å"Trump: The Art of the Deal.† The later years continued with more and more acquisition, and the group’s entry into the TV (Wooten, 2008, pp.106-110). Leadership Traits American scholar Warren Bennis has identified four basic ingredients in every great leader. The first basic quality is guiding vision or management of attention. The leader must have a clear idea of what he or she wants to achieve. He must show courage to face the tough reality. The second quality is communicating the vision. The leader is there to communicate his passions to his people and it will bring hope and inspiration. Passion generally appears as enthusiasm. Again, people should not buy into every exciting idea; there should be a great deal of quality. The next thing is integrity which is the combination of self-knowledge, candor, and maturity. Leader must know his strengths and weaknesses, and must have clear idea about what he wants to do and the reason behind that. These three ingredients combine with a fourth ingredient – management of self. There should be mix of â€Å"curiosity and daring† with integrity. Leaders should be open to new ideas, willing to take risks, and try new things (Bennis, 2009, pp. 204-05, Bennis, 2010, p. 20). Now one may look at Trump’s leadership style in the light of Bennis’ four ingredients. Vision In Trump on Entrepreneurship, Trump says, â€Å"Entrepreneurship...History is full of famous leaders with extraordinary lives. From George Washington to John F. Kennedy, from Bill Gates to Donald Trump, the list is much diver sified. Here, this paper will focus on the life and leadership traits of Donald Trump, the â€Å"Real Estate Tycoon† in the light of Bennis’ competency criteria. Early History Donald Trump was born in Queens, New York on 14th June, 1946. He was the part of a demographic change which would later be known as â€Å"Baby Boom†. His father, Fred Trump, was a contractor in the housing market and operated in the Brooklyn and Queens boroughs. Fred was a highly successful businessman and was one of the richest persons in Queens (Payment, 2007, pp.1-5). Young Trump had his own way of doing things. He had a forceful personality from his childhood. In his 2nd grade, he punched the music teacher on his face. Trump was of the view that the teacher didn’t understand what he was saying. For this misbehavior, he was almost expelled from the school. In his book ‘Trump: The Art of the Deal’, he admits this fact by saying that it was not a proud moment. At 13, Donald was sent to New York Military Academy to improve upon his behavior (Payment, 2007, pp. 6-10 & 12). Donald Trump graduated in 1968 from the University of Pennsylvania (Wharton School of Finance) with a degree in economics. Trump got the passion for construction business from his father. His father knew almost all the processes of construction business. So, after completing his graduation, he continued with his life-long passion of constructing buildings (Wooten, 2008, pp. 20-23).

The City of Hong Kong Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The City of Hong Kong - Research Paper Example The city is surrounded by the South Sea of China on the south, west and east and borders Shenzhen city to the northern part over the river of Shenzhen. The 426 sq m. territory consists of Kowloon peninsula, New Territory and Hong Kong Island. Hong Kong’s land area is the 179th largest populated territory in the globe. Despite of being intensely urbanized, the city has tried to promote a green pollution free environment. Recent growing concern of public about the environment has prompted the harsh restriction of future land reclamation. The city’s environment has suffered from the increasing population as well as from the ever increasing rate of pollution (Goldcast, 167). Nearly about 80% of the smog of Hong Kong used to originate from several parts of Pearl River Delta. Population Density The population density of Hong Kong is 6782.92 as reported in the year 2010. Population density in Hong Kong is 6696.5. In terms of population, it is the largest city within China. In Hong Kong, urban agglomerations’ population of more than 1 million is 6982287.0. In terms of percentage, it is more than 100%. Raw Material, Principle Products and Industries The city is not enriched with raw materials. The territory has limited natural resources and little arable land. Therefore, the city used to import most of its raw materials and foods from other countries. The agricultural activity is not that much important to the economy of Hong Kong. The agricultural activity used to contribute just 0.1% of its total GDP. The city is the 11th major trading entity of World. Moreover, Hong Kong is world’s largest re-export sector. The city is the major and one of the leading producer and exporter of textiles, watches, toys, apparels, plastics and electrical appliances (Siu & Ku, 159). In Hong Kong, the major leading industries are financial services, Tourism, Logistics & Trading and professional & producer services. These industries are the driving force of the e conomic growth of the country under consideration. These specific industries used to provide impetus to growth of various sectors and help to generate employment. Competitive Advantage and Production of Goods The logistics and trading industries used to consolidate different production and economic activities. Moreover, it used to help the problem of unemployment. This particular industry currently has employed more than 770,000 employees. This industry significantly contributes to one quarter of the Chinese GDP. Due to the drastic change in the market demand, the trading industry is tending to provide highly value added trading and logistic services. Hong Kong is gradually developing into regional distribution centre for its highly valued products. This used to differ from the conventional role in the transporting elements such as finished and semi-finished goods. The city has superior control over the distribution system of superior valued goods. Moreover, the logistics industry o f Hong Kong has the potential to expand its regional services of trading and logistics. These are the competitive advantages of the Hong Kong trading that have strengthen the position of Hong Kong as the logistical hub. It has been discussed earlier that Hong Kong is not enriched highly with natural resources and raw materials. The city is famous for the apparel and textile goods, toys and electronic appliances. Currently the city has increased its import activities of these goods. It is

Can and should the marketplace be inclusive to all consumers Essay

Can and should the marketplace be inclusive to all consumers - Essay Example It will examine the problem that the aged face when companies decide to advertise and sell their commodity through the media and social networks. The paper will also try to explain how the aged can be integrated in the fashion industry. According to Macnicol (2005), age discrimination has a long history going back to 1930s, and even today it is a topic of debate in Britain. In the current world, many old people have a feeling that they are overlooked and ignored in the market. For example, in the designing of shopping complexes in the street. There are many old people who cannot obtain a service or the product that they want- whether from cinemas, restaurants or newspaper. This is because things have changed, so there is nothing that suits their taste. According to Mumel and Prodnik (2005), this discrimination has led the aged to stay away from this market. They consider themselves less fortunate and burden to society. According to Birtwistle and Tsim (2005), a fashion designer that can adopt and agree to cater for the individual needs of aging women will do quite well because it has a high potential, unsaturated market. Fashion designers have failed to provide old people with clothes that are psychologically, physically and socially comfortable. Psychological comfort gives the old person a well-being sense (Kunze, Boehm, & Bruch, 2011). Old people want clothes that will make the public have a positive mind and respect them. Physical comfort is achieved when the older people put on clothes that protect them from heat, humidity and cold. Their social comfort will be achieved by wearing clothes that will make them presentable and create a good impression to the public. The old also feel excluded in todays media. Images of the youth dominate the media today. Older peoples pictures are of two categories: one portrays old people as decrepit, aimed at generating sympathy and enable other people to contribute to them (

Digital Media and how it has changed buisness in society Research Paper

Digital Media and how it has changed buisness in society - Research Paper Example Cutting edge media is no longer limited to a TV or radio show, daily paper or promotion. Rather, todays media from content to movie and sound could be recovered and imparted electronically, utilizing everything from desktop workstations to little portable apparatuses. This electronic spread of media has had a capable effect on the way individuals convey for private explanations, school and even business. Then again, advanced media has not had just a positive effect on business (Lake & May, 2012). Over the past decade, the web and new media have improved quickly. The expanding criticalness of the web and new media has a major effect on business correspondence. There are numerous issues that conglomerations are challenging in this specific field of correspondence, for example publishing news via message, the most favorable way of correspondence with clients, the value and client-cordiality of their resource. An additional part of this study is the social media angle and how conglomerations manage it. As a result of advanced media, associations can get their informative data out to the people speedier than any other time. Rather than printing embeds and sitting tight for the Sunday paper to advertise their bargains, associations now can let the planet ponder an electrifying announcement through message, informal communication, their web spaces and Internet notices. Notwithstanding, advanced media can spread terrible qualified data around a business exactly as speedy as it can spread exceptional. A movie or camera brought with a mobile phone or a Facebook announcement offering an association mystery or blooper can go viral inside minutes, leaving a business notoriety harmed when business before advanced media might have been equipped to clear up the mess in length before it started offering stock purchases (Castells & Cardoso, 2005). Innovation has empowered business correspondences extending from message to motion picture visit to cell calls.

Reflection paper9 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflection paper9 - Essay Example es around that scenario, assessing how people would go on without oil, like transportation gets affected, the cost of oil rises, food gets affected and even schools are closed down. Thus, Jane’s focus is more on making people realize the value of things, which we take granted, and then to learn how to survive without those things. On the other hand, Brenda narrates a story, involving her daughter; Brenda asked her daughter about what she learned in school, and her daughter told her about the Middle Passage, but the way she explained her mother the historical event, it was like she didn’t grasp the true meaning of it. Thus, Brenda believes that video games can be used to illustrate historical events, so that children can better understand what they are learning at school and would be able to explain to others too. This is how different Jane and Brenda are, in their quest to change the world, with the help of games. This is a website, which is developed to help children and teachers learn subjects, through a different and attractive way. There are many subjects on this website like foreign language, music, language, arts and math. On this website, there are lectures for each of the subjects mentioned and the most interesting thing are the video lectures, which appeal to both the teacher and the student. There are animations found on the website, which are developed by experts and these animations have the ability to engage the audience. Thus, if teachers use these resources, then students would learn different concepts more easily and the visuals would also help them retain information. This website is a great tool for sharing ideas and changing attitudes of students, towards studies. There are conferences related to education on this website, it creates lessons which can be shared and there is a whole library of them on the website, consisting of resources and links. The most interesting thing here is that the user can share lectures and videos using social

The Presumption of Liberty Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

The Presumption of Liberty - Assignment Example This statute ensures that parties to the contract fulfill their promises to each other as stipulated in the agreement with defaulting. Therefore, statutes of fraud do not in itself make the contract valid but serve as an evidence of the agreement between the parties hence can make the contract enforceable (Miller, Harvey & Parry 1998, p.487). It also serves to prevent one of the parties from claiming beyond what the agreement offer to them. Should one of the parties to the agreement default in the performance of his or her duties, the statues of frauds will apply to ensure that that person has discharged his or her obligation (James 2003, p.20). This is contrary to a verbal agreement whereby, due to lack of evidence one party may fail to perform the duties of the agreement and yet there are no means to prove that the party has indeed breached the agreement (Barnett 2005, p.146). Whereas most contracts can be enforced without the requirement of a statute of fraud, there are specific a greements, which must be included in a statute in order to be enforceable. This report shall explore various contracts which fall within statutes of frauds and cases that have been dealt with in the court involving the statute. In addition, the report shall focus on the impact of the statues of frauds and what would happen if parties failed to write down the terms of their contracts in cases which â€Å"fall within the statute.† The law requires that when individuals are making a contract they should put down all the terms of their agreement in writing in order to that no party who takes advantage of the other by failing to perform either some part of the contract or the by totally doing nothing in fulfilment of their contractual obligations (Barnett 2005, p.165).  

Problems and flaws in the American Education Essay Example for Free

Problems and flaws in the American Education Essay In this class we have read many articles related to the problems and flaws in the American Education. Many people in the United States believe our educational system is in crisis. In this essay, I will be comparing and contrasting the differences and similarities between two articles. The author of Idiot Nation takes us on a tour of failings of America’s schools. He touches on topics of cultural illiteracy and the relationships between schools and corporations. In another article, the author of In the Basement of the Ivory Tower confirms some of the suspicions about the policies and standards of American higher education. These articles share similarities and differences as well. Professor X, the author of In the Basement of the Ivory Tower, is a part-time instructor of English in a college. The author describes how many of his students need serious work in â€Å"basic skills†. Few of his students can do well in his classes. Other students may never pass, because they cannot write a coherent sentence. The Professor has encountered many students lacking the capacity to succeed in his English classes. Similarly, the author of Idiot Nation, explains how many of the students attending college are ignorant. They have serious problems in learning and knowing facts that they should know for fact. These two articles demonstrate the problems that college students have when it comes down to education. In contrast, Professor X relates to the students and has sympathy towards their problems, but the author of Idiot Nation, does not seem to relate to these students. Michael Moore is aggressive and does not justify the idiocy of the students. Professor X talks about how he wishes to help his students write more intelligent essays. He understands the students’ difficulties in learning and frustrations. Furthermore, he tries to find solutions, such as relating the literacy techniques they will have to study to novels that the students may have already read. As we can see, the United States faces major problems in today’s education. Many attempts have been made to establish and demonstrate these problems to the public. We may be able to read and view these problems in newspapers, advertisements, and book articles. Michael Moore and Professor X are authors of articles which depict and give a better understanding of the issues that are found in education throughout the country. Today many college students face problems because of their lack of intelligence.

Caravaggios The Denial of St. Peter

Caravaggios The Denial of St. Peter   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In approximately 1610, Michelangelo Merisi, referred to today as Caravaggio by virtue of his hometown, painted his The Denial of Saint Peter, an oil-on-canvas depiction of St. Peters renunciation of Jesus and disavowal that he was a disciple of Christ. Though it passed through the hands of several cardinals over the centuries,[1] the work itself was not commissioned by any religious authority, and was entirely conceived by Caravaggio. It currently is on display at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most important aspect of the work stems from its era: Caravaggio painted in the early Baroque period, a time in art largely focused on emotion, drama, and realism in the portrayal of humanity, as opposed to the idealized, somewhat emotionless scenes of the Renaissance.[2] The Denial of Saint Peter is a prime example of this trend, for, as opposed to depicting idealized human forms in a heavily structured and adorned setting, it portrays just three figures, all of whom are imperfect, human, and express clearly visible emotion. While Caravaggios subject matter is far from unique, his distinctive approach toward its illustration is revolutionary with respect to earlier Renaissance art; of course, it resembles other works from the Baroque period, which Caravaggio himself helps to usher in. The drama and emotional anguish of Caravaggios work is apparent even upon first glance. Upon examining the figures in the work, we see that Saint Peter is far from flawless and virtuous; instead, he is easily intimidated by a soldier as he frantically distances himself from Christ, pointing at himself incredulously as if to appear utterly surprised at the notion that he is somehow associated with Jesus. Peter lacks the saintly character attributed to Biblical figures in earlier works, for he has deeply furrowed brows and looks pale and sickly in the harsh light shining on him-in fact, he more closely resembles a cowardly man eager to appear common and nondescript. The woman and the soldier have powerful emotional elements in their depictions as well-the soldier appears threatening, seemingly warning Peter of the consequences of allying with Christ, while the woman bears a stern expression that signals her certainty of Peters solidarity with Jesus. Finally, the sheer size of the figur es is noteworthy, for it places all emphasis on them and on no other point in the painting. Caravaggios stylistic effects, in addition to the figures expressions, also lend the painting a dramatic air. The first and most obvious such technique is his use of lighting: specifically, the work has extreme contrasts between light and dark, which, due to their harsh appearance, convey an almost theatrical impression to the viewer. In fact, Peters head is fully and strongly illuminated, while the soldiers visage, though just opposite his, is barely visible; the womans face, furthermore, is alternately obscured and lit-with little or no attempt to mediate the two extremes. This consistent use of dramatic lighting, which in this case radiates only from the left of the painting, is termed â€Å"chiaroscuro†; in fact, Caravaggio used it so often that his version of the technique is labeled â€Å"tenebrism.†[3] The effect that these techniques have on a work is profound, for they create a powerful sense of tension in the piece because of their stark, almost jarring appear ance. In The Denial of St. Peter, this effect is quite noticeable, for by illuminating Peter, but not the soldier, the sense that Peter is being interrogated and pressured becomes heightened; it is almost as if a spotlight is on him, coercing him into giving a reply. Another important stylistic note is the varying level of detail Caravaggio applies to parts of the work. The background is not at all important, as is demonstrated by the broad, carefree, almost haphazard brushstrokes and lack of any remarkable detail behind any of the figures; by contrast, Peter, the soldier, and the woman are all painted with exceptional detail, exemplified by the soldiers helmet, which is ornately and intricately decorated, and Peters face, which has distinct furrows and creases. This again serves to highlight the fact that the three figures and their emotional tension are the central features of the work and that all else is ancillary. Caravaggios work closely mirrors others of the Baroque period. Spanish artist Juan de Valdà ©s Leals Pietà  , painted between 1657 and 1660 and currently on display at the Metropolitan,[4] features many of the same techniques Caravaggio uses to enhance the dramatic effects and emotional impact of the work. The use of chiaroscuro is immediately apparent, for the Virgin Mary and Christ are both well-lit, while the background is mostly darkened. As in Caravaggios work, this element lends the work a powerfully dramatic aspect and compels the viewer to focus on the subject matter and its intense psychological themes. Furthermore, Christ is an emaciated, bloodied figure, as the stigmata bleed profusely in the painting; Leal portrays him as a tortured, weakened man, unlike prior depictions of a handsome, nourished Christ. He has a gaunt, starved body, reflecting the anguish Leal wishes to convey, and the Virgin Mary looks on with a combination of anger and pain, a radical departure from the mostly serene Mary seen in earlier works. The overall tone of the work is one of anguish, a theme reinforced by Leals manipulation of light and the graphic, disturbing depiction of Christ. Renaissance works, while portraying similar religious subject matter, are radically different from Caravaggios painting and other Baroque art. Raphaels Pietà   of 1503, part of the Colonna Altarpiece and currently in the Gardner Museum,[5] while depicting the very same subject as Leals work and certainly portraying grief and suffering, conveys an entirely different emotional character and lacks the psychological depth seen in either Caravaggios or Leals piece. Of first note in Raphaels Pietà   is the size of the figures; they are proportionately smaller when compared with Caravaggios, somewhat reducing their impact on the viewer. Additionally, the lighting in the painting is mostly uniform, and thus lacks the striking contrasts found in Caravaggios work that impress the viewer with emotional immediacy. The figures themselves also lack any poignancy. The Virgin Mary is largely expressionless, and while a man to the left seems to lament the death of Christ, the level of drama and anxiety seen on St. Peters face is missing. Also of note is the fact that Christ appears as a nourished, healthy figure, and thus does not inspire the viewer with grief or sorrow. Thus it is apparent that this work portrays an idealized scene suited perfectly to Renaissance standards, and therefore has little in common with the flawed, emotional figures of Caravaggios or Leals work. In short, Caravaggios large, overtly sentimental figures, combined with his extreme uses of light and lack of attention to background detail, produce a work that impresses the viewer with its passion, tension, and dramatic tone. As we can see, this is entirely consistent with Baroque art, for the similarities with Leals work are immediately evident. Caravaggios Renaissance predecessors depict idealized and romanticized figures that lack the emotional involvement suitable for their subject matter. By contrast, Caravaggio strives to represent and amplify human tensions and imperfections, achieving a compelling realism. Sources Stokstad, Marilyn. Art History. Revised Second Edition, Volume 2. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, 2005. â€Å"Caravaggio (Michelangelo Merisi). The Denial of Saint Peter (1997.167)†. In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000-. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/crvg/ho_1997.167.htm (March 2010) Raphael. Pietà  . 1503-1505. www.gardnermuseum.org/collection/raphael_p16e3.asp (March 2010) Leal, Juan de Valdà ©s. Pietà  . 1657-1660. http://www.metmuseum.org/works_of_art/collection_database/european_paintings/pieta_juan_de_valdes_leal/objectview.aspx?collID=11OID=110002315 (March 2010) â€Å"Caravaggio (Michelangelo Merisi). The Denial of Saint Peter (1997.167)†. In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000-. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/crvg/ho_1997.167.htm (March 2010) [2] Stokstad, Marilyn. Art History. Revised Second Edition, Volume 2. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, 2005,p. 722. Stokstad, Marilyn. Art History. Revised Second Edition, Volume 2. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, 2005,p. 735, 744. Leal, Juan de Valdà ©s. Pietà  . 1657-1660. http://www.metmuseum.org/works_of_art/collection_database/european_paintings/pieta_juan_de_valdes_leal/objectview.aspx?collID=11OID=110002315 (March 2010) Raphael. Pietà  . 1503-1505. www.gardnermuseum.org/collection/raphael_p16e3.asp (March 2010)

Constantine the Great

Constantine the Great Constantine the Great was one of the strongest and most important rulers in the Byzantine and Roman Empire. He made big changes and accomplishments that made the empire greater, and more powerful such as maintaining the full size of the Roman Empire, successfully defeating his enemies and competitors, and staying in charge. Constantine made huge improvements such as outlawing Pagan sacrifice, confiscating temple treasuries, and curbing Christian heresies. -(Phillip Sherrard, 1986, Pg. 10-14) Constantine was born on twenty seventh of February ca. 272 in Naissus (Serbia). Constantine was the son of Constantius and his first wife Helen, born with the Latin Roman name Flavius Valerius Aurelius Constantinu. Constantines mother promoted Christianity, made a pilgrimage to the holy land where she collected relics, identified sacred places and built churches. His father ruled as a Roman Emperor from 293 to 306 and was the founder of the Constantinian Dynasty. Constantine, feeling neglected after when his father divorced his mother, distinguished himself as a soldier and won the affection of the army. He excelled in military exercises, was modest, and well informed. Constantine later joined his father, who ruled in the west. Before Constantinus died he proclaimed his son his successor (306). Constantine the Great married Minervina who either died or divorced before 307 and Fausta who was Maximians daughter. He had six children, one of them from Minervana but the rest from Fausta n amed Crispus, Constantina, Helena, Constantine II, Constantius II, and Constans. Constantine the Great had many excellent qualities. He was brave, active, untiring, and ruled with firmness and fairness. As Constantine got older, he adopted the luxury and pomp which was introduced from the East. He wore false hair of different colors perfectly arranged, a diadem of costly gems, and a robe of silk that contained flowers made out of gold and more precious stones. He reigned thirty years, the longest period since Augustus. Since he was converted into Christianity later in his life, he was not baptized until a little time before his death. He died on May twenty second, A.D. 337 on the way to campaign against the Persians. Constantine was buried in Constantinople. -(James Carroll, 2001, Pg. 346-372) Constantines most important achievement and greatest project was his new Rome (Constantinople, present day Istanbul). Constantine moved the capital from Rome to the Greek city of Byzantium. He enlarged and enriched the city at enormous expense. Massive walls and stately buildings were built, and a large chain was placed in the water to protect their new capital. Constantine the Great provided the city with a forum, a hippodrome, a circus of great size, baths, and pleasure-grounds, to make it somewhat similar to Rome. Schools and theatres, aqueducts, fourteen churches, fourteen palaces, and a great number of magnificent private houses were added later on. Constantine issued special commemorative coins in 330 to honor his new city that he created. After creating this city, he began to form a new constitution for his empire. He established complete despotism, all the power being in his hands. ÂÂ  He outstandingly improved this beautiful city, and made it equal to Rome in power and influence. Not only did Constantine make his capital, Constantinople beautiful with art and architecture but he also filled Trier with imperial buildings and Rome with baths, and the great arch of Constantine near the Colosseum. -(Phillip Sherrard, 1986, Pg. 34-41) Constantines second biggest and most important achievement was being the first Christian Roman Emperor. After winning many battles, it was said that during the campaign against Maxentius, Constantine saw the miraculous cross in the heavens. Short after becoming a Christian he made Christianity the established religion of the state. Constantine began the process of making Christianity the religious foundation of Europe.ÂÂ  -(James Carroll, 2001, Pg. 58-67) Thirdly, Constantine not only earned his honorific the great title from Christian historians but also because of his military achievements and victories. Besides getting the empire together under one emperor, Constantine also won major victories over the Franks and Alamanni in 306-8 and Franks again in 313-14. Constantine the Great always believed in changing plans last minute and he would rearrange things at the battle field. Constantine had a magnificent and trained army and was trained well with strategies since he was an officer in the Roman army in 272. His army stayed loyal to him at all times during a battle or when there were problems with ruling. -(J. Lowden, 1998, Pg. 12-19) In conclusion Constantine the Great had a huge impact on both the Roman and the Byzantine Empire and was a great leader during his rule. He left behind many great architecture and art. In my opinion he was probably the most important historical figure in my civilization because he brought Christianity to Byzantines and Christianity was a big part of this empire since the art and architecture was based upon it. He never gave up or showed any types of weakness during battle or other times. He was a strong leader with a strong mind who greatly changed my civilization and many around it in good ways.t Reference Page Carroll, J. (2001).Constantines sword: the church and the Jews: a history. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. Constantine. (n.d.).ÂÂ  Roman Colosseum. Retrieved March 13, 2011, from http://www.roman-colosseum.info/roman-emperors/constantine.htm Norwich, J. J. (19891996).ByzantiumÂÂ  . New York: Knopf :. Lowden, J. (19971998).ÂÂ  Early Christian Byzantine artÂÂ  . London: Phaidon. Internet Ancient History Sourcebook: Main Page. (n.d.).FORDHAM.EDU. Retrieved March 14, 2011, from http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/

Class Distinictions in Pygmalion Essay -- essays papers

Class Distinictions in Pygmalion Pygmalion, by George Bernard Shaw, is a thrilling drama in which a scientist of phonetics tries to transform a cockney speaking Covent Garden flower girl into a woman as poised and well-spoken as a duchess. The play considers some of the illusions of the class distinctions. This is represented by the characters, their situations, and their aphoristic comments. Eliza Doolittle starts out as a sassy, smart-mouthed flower girl with disgraceful English. See goes to see Professor Higgins to see if he will teach her to speak properly and act more like a lady. This also would require her to become a high-classed member of society. I want to be a lady in a flower shop stead of sellin at the corner of Tottenham Court Road. But they wont take me unless I can talk more genteel. He said he could teach me. Well, here I am ready to pay him–not asking any favor–and he treats me zif I was dirt. (1160) That was the flower girl, Eliza Doolittle, talking to Colonel Pickering about how she want to become a lady and how Mr. Higgins refused to help her because she belongs to the lower-classed section of society. Later she finally convinces Mr. Higgins to help her, but to him she is just an experiment of phonetics. Mr. Higgins is a high-classed professor of phonetics. He believes in concepts like visible speech, and used all manners of recording and photographic material to document his phonetic subjects. This reduces people and their dialects into what he sees as easily understandable units. However, he is also a very eccentric man. He goes in the opposite direction from the rest of society for most matters. He is also very impatient with high so... ...g life means making trouble. Theres only one way of escaping trouble; and thats killing things. Cowards, you notice, are always shrieking to have troublesome people killed (1199). That was Mrs. Higgins talking to Liza. This comment that she made was definitely an aphorism. This is because she was making a wise observation on trouble in life. She is saying that all parts of life including all social classes have some trouble in them, but that is what makes it life. Without trouble life would be boring and pointless. The fact that Pygmalion contains illusions of class distinctions is clearly shown through the characters, their situations, and their aphoristic comments. In Eliza’s quest to become a lady she had to deal with many social class problems, however, she overcomes them with the help of Hr. Higgins and becomes a high class lady.

The Imposter Phenomenon :: Women Imposter Phenomenon Essays

The Imposter Phenomenon The Imposter Phenomenon – as defined by the â€Å"Women’s Studies Encyclopedia – Revised and Expanded Edition† ed. Helen Tierney, 1999 "The Imposter Phenomenon is an internal experience of intellectual phoniness that seems to be prevalent among high-achieving persons, with particularly deleterious effects on women†¦ It is an emotionally debilitating condition characterized by persistent and unwarranted anxiety about achievement, dread of evaluation, fear of failure and exposure, inability to internalize success, and lack of enjoyment of accomplishment and achievement." Nestled between the stacks on the 8th floor of Uris Library, I am King of the Hill. Through the window my realm is expansive: I can see Libe Slope stretching below me fringed with the solid, quiet beauty of the gothics. Beyond this, Cayuga Lake glimmers in the afternoon sun. I feel so powerful. Here I am at an Ivy League university with every resource and opportunity waiting to be discovered. I am so fortunate to be here. I look at my fellow students trudging purposefully up and down the slope. They are so small. Yet even from this distance I can see the confidence in their steps, their grace and determination, and the skillful way they carry the demands of an academic upon their shoulders. They are true knights of our university, fighting for understanding and mastery of their fields. In the light of their glory, my crown fades. Who am I to call myself King? I may be a knight but I am pretending. My armor is made of aluminum foil, my shield is cardboard. Even high in this tower, I am small. After hearing about the imposter syndrome for the first time, I couldn’t stop thinking about it. It was something I identified with but had never put a name to. How many times have I questioned myself and my abilities? I figured that it is a normal part of growing up, a personal insecurity as I try to discover who I am and where I fit in the web of life. I didn’t necessarily see it as a bad thing. But when I started doing research and saw how intelligent, capable, and talented adults are dealing with these same issues I began to see it as a pervasive problem. Especially when these professionals are turning down promotions because they feel they aren’t good enough, or are unhappy in life because they aren’t happy with themselves.

Behavioral Learning Theories Applied

Behavioral Learning theories Applied Education is quite the central focus in our current society. As the economy advances, education becomes of greater importance and our student’s future is strongly dependent on their educational opportunities. As many theorists have proven, there is no one way of teaching that targets an entire audience. Instead, every child has their own unique learning style that they respond best to. Any educator that takes on the responsibility of teaching must familiarize themselves with the different approaches so they observe the â€Å"No child left behind† act and fulfill their duty as a teacher. The many different approaches to learning include Behavioral, Social Cognitive, Information Processing, Constructivist, and Brain-based. The behavioral approach is concerned primarily with measureable and observable aspects of human behavior (Good & Brophy, 1990). Behavioral learning theories focus on the ways in which pleasurable or unpleasant consequences of behavior change individuals’ behavior over time and ways in which individual model their behavior on that of others (Slavin 2006). The emphasis is put on responses to experiences, especially reinforcement and punishment, as determinants of learning and behavior. The 4 prominent behaviorist and key players in the development of the behaviorist theory, that I like to relate to, were Watson, Pavlov, Thorndike, and Skinner. Pavlov’s main interest was physiology but it was the Classical Conditioning theory that made him so famous. Classical Conditioning is a learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus. Both Thorndike and Skinner- although differently expressed- delved into the formulation of Operant Conditioning. Operant conditioning is a learning methodology that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. An association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior through operant conditioning. Skinner’s theory of Operant conditioning basically explains how we acquire our range of learned behaviors that we exhibit. If an individual’s behavior is immediately followed by pleasurable consequences, the individual will engage in that behavior more frequently (Slavin, pg. 137). The relationship between the behavior and its consequences is what later a learned behavior becomes. Skinner mentions reinforcement, punishment, extinction and rewards as the mechanisms for his theory. All of these responses have a time and place where its effectiveness is at its peak. Knowing our students, knowing ourselves, knowing the situation, and knowing what we want our outcome to be will help us determine which approach to use. As maintained by the above behaviorists, our behaviors change in accordance to the immediate reaction/consequence. These immediate reactions are the secret weapon that teachers should master for optimal success in the classroom. A teacher can observe and take note of the various responses her students respond best to. A teacher should constantly be asking herself â€Å"What serves as a motivation or reinforcement for this particular student to do well†? â€Å"Does the student utilize the Expectancy Theory†? The theory of motivation is based upon the belief that people’s efforts to achieve depend on their expectations of reward, or do they lean towards achievement motivation; the tendency to strive for success and to choose goal oriented, success/failure activities? There are countless responses that can work to motivate our students. Although some students seem naturally enthusiastic about learning, many need that extra motivational factor to help them with their studies. Psychologists define motivation as an internal process that activates, guides, and maintains behavior over time (Murphy & Alexander, 2000; Pintrich, 2003; Schunk, 2000; Stipek, 2002. ) As a student, I was often motivated to do especially good work when I felt the teacher doubted my capabilities. I practiced the quote â€Å"I do it because I can, I can because I want to, I want to because you said I couldn't†. That really pushed me to do well. It may have been a childish but it worked for me. Personally, I had a hard time doing well under reinforcements be it negative or positive. The lack of consistency and the time lapse between the action and response never worked for me. If I were to utilize a token system or any other system (I. E. praise, charts etc.. ) I would review the pros and cons very carefully. I feel that employing such methods carelessly can produce destructive results. Observing a second grade class, I noticed the teacher exercising very harsh consequences to eliminate behaviors. Indeed, her classroom was always spotless, and quiet. The student did not dare misbehave or not know their work for fear of punishment. Ultimately, these students lived in fear. They disliked the teacher, they disliked learning, and whatever they did learn was just to avoid punishment. Were they motivated to behave? Indeed. They were afraid of the consequences. Was the atmosphere an optimal learning environment? Most definitely not! It was at that point that I understood that employing Behavioral Learning Theories do not always produce favorable results. When I was a short term substitute teacher, I had the opportunity to visit many classrooms over the period of a few months. When I entered the classroom with an air about myself and dressed well, the students automatically received the initial dose of motivation to behave and to please. I then continue to hold their interest by teaching in an unconventional manner or in any way that they are unaccustomed to. Teaching unconventionally is fairly simple in one of the schools I substitute. The simplicity of the teaching style has not changed from 20 years ago. The teachers use the same old text-books, they practice â€Å"one teaching style fit all† methodology, just one teacher for the entire class, etc. When I enter a class, I ask them to rearrange their chairs so they are sitting in a semi-circle or in groups depending on the lesson. As the lesson continues, I try to avoid giving extrinsic motivation unless I feel the absolute need. I try to make the actual lesson the incentive. I praise after inquisitive questions and seem genuinely happy with correct responses. It’s an aura that a teacher needs to create that will infuse a sense of ‘wanting to do well’, most frequently by the desire to please. I have frequently observed many teachers successfully pair less desired behavior with desired behaviors for great results which is referred to as the Premack Principle (Premack, 1965). One incident stands out in my mind when a third grade teacher told a student that if he completes his homework, he will be able to remove his name from the â€Å"completed homework† sign outside the classroom. The teacher explained to me, that this particular student dislikes the fact that his name is up on the board, so she pairs doing homework with the favorable act of removing his name. Having his name on the board was supposed to be a reinforcement for doing homework, however Slavin mentions that if the behavior does not increase or decrease in frequency with the reinforcement than it is not necessarily a reinforcement (Slavin, 143). Behavioral Learning Theories are quite established and they are useful in changing behaviors. It is important to acknowledge however, that the theory has its limitation. Mainly, because of its focus on observable behaviors, other more abstract and conceptual learning remains unspoken. However, Social Learning theory helps bridge the gap between the behavioral and cognitive prospective (Slavin, pg 159). —————————————————————————————————————————— Appendix: 1)Slavin, R. E. (2006). Educational psychology: Theory and practice (8th ed. ). Boston: Pearson. 2)Premack, D. (1965). Reinforcement theory. In D. Levine, Nebraska symposium on motivation. Lincoln: Univeristy of Nebraska Press.

A Life in the Day of Me

â€Å"Beep, Beep! Beep, Beep!† From under the warm, snug land of nod, my hand flops out and brutally swats at the little silver alarm clock, which I despise because it has the pleasure of making me wake up every morning. I sit up, and try to think about what to do next, my head still full of pillows. I check the time- 6:35 and idly flop back down. I am about to return to slumber-land when Molly the pregnant multicoloured cat plods in. I lie on my side and stare at her. A warm, owlish glazed gaze stares back and I jump energetically to action! Well, more of an idle flop out of bed, really. I then stumble like a drunken sailor across my room to check on a few other minor details in my daily life- my pets. I first peer at Gordon the stick- insect and give him a quick spray of water to moisten him up. I then tap on Bob the wild voles' little cage check his supply of food and water. Next is Ruby and Pip the rats who are also rattling their bowls like ungrateful toddlers. I throw in a few choice morcels of ‘Rody rat Food'. I notice Molly and Bagpuss, my other cat, sponging for their breakfast in the doorway. I stagger downstairs after them, to the kitchen, where they are given ‘whiskas' cat food, which I might add, is probably both the most revolting smelling, and looking pet food I have ever had the ‘pleasure' of serving! Last but not least are the outside pets: Poppy and Annabelle the guinea- pigs, Socks the rabbit and his sister, Saffy who has five baby bunnies, who are given ‘Russel' rabbit food. That's not all yet! The very last but just as important member of the family is Ren the ‘lonely' goldfish, who is given ‘Tetra-Finn' goldfish flakes. You might be thinking what a zoo I have, but we love them all very much! I now, finally have time to sort my own self out. By this time I am partially conscious, so I leap wilfully into the shower, before anyone else and battle with the hot and cold taps until I feel I am sufficiently cleansed. I then do everything, which anyone else normally does during their time in the bathroom. I always dry my hair naturally or I look like something which has stepped out of a Stephen King book, and scrape it back or do something with it until it looks something vaguely like a ‘style'(not one of my strong points!). I am normally late by now so I yank on clothes like†¦ well, how anyone else does- underwear, then trousers, shirt, tie, socks. Ah! The socks- I always make sure they are nothing short of†¦,well, comical. They are either ‘Chicken Run', ‘The Simpsons', ‘Wallace and Gromit', a silly pattern or just odd! My next task is then to check my bag and do any un-done home work for the day, whilst trying to bolt down a slice of dry bread, or anything which resembles breakfast material. Most days I combine these few tasks with: yanking on my normally muddy Doc Martens, trying not to fall over, poking my head out the window to check on the (usually grim) weather situation, rifling through all my pockets for a door key and asthma pump, being groaned at by Mum who is scowling at her wrist watch, tripping out of the front door and finally shoving my untidy self and scrappy school belongings into one of three cars. I most enjoy travelling to school in my sister's (katy) metallic- blue Mini because it feels as through you are in a mini rollercoaster (especially going over bumps), and I LOVE roller- coasters! Our highly intellectual conversation whilst on our ten minute journey to school and Mum to the school where she teaches normally consists of: â€Å"You really need to get up earlier in the mornings, Holly, especially as it's Monday. I've got to get to school and do things.† â€Å"Yes, Mum.† OR.. â€Å"I really don't know how you can concentrate at school without eating breakfast!† â€Å"OK, I'll try, Mum.† OR.. â€Å"Oh, no! I forgot my music money/ that slip you were supposed to sign/ my door key/ my HOMEWORK!!!† Every one at school is generally in a chatty mood when I arrive. On certain days one person gets out of bed the wrong way and makes us miserable too. Charlene is always there with her sixth form boyfriend Anthony, and everyone joins on for a good natter. When Vicky arrives, Anthony or herself have a good scoff at each other if there has either been a Manchester United or Arsenal match- or no match at all! When the pips go, from Charlene it's normally â€Å"G'iss a kiss!† to Anthony, who either pretends not to have heard or actually kisses her. In form time I make sure I am listening for my name, then I can start thinking- usually about lessons to come. My favourite lessons generally are Textiles, English and History- mainly because most of the time you get to give your own opinion about issues, but most of all because I can then use my own ideas such as creative writing in English and designing and making children's clothes in Textiles. My friends and I natter like educated mice about who shot Phil, who fancies Emma, what happened at Penenden Heath last night Jenny, and can I borrow your homework, PLEASE!! By lunch time I am generally bored and longing for sleep. I either eat sandwiches filled with tuna (brain food- I wonder why!) or pasta with bolognese, or sometimes just a salad. I tend to only drink water most of the time because fizzy drinks are not very appealing when you are so thirsty! Most lunch times Vicky and Emma like to go and flirt with boys in our year. I find this quite pathetic. Charlene and I share this thought, so we sit and talk about people or well, just about anything. When the days are getting close to half-term or a holiday, we like to plan a trip to Chessington with Anthony and Jennifer. Quite often a food fight starts up or Gary comes over to show us his ‘Where did it go?' coin trick, which keeps us amused for most of the forty-five minutes. Occasionally, I will have the odd arm wrestle or slap fight. After lunch I feel more at ease with the day, knowing that there are only two lessons to go. My favourite afternoon of the week is a Friday (of course!), when everyone is winding down and preparing events for the weekend, such as going into town for no apparent reason (which I really hate!), and the teachers are just as tired as us, so they understand our lack of intelligence. After school I eat a snack of rice- cakes or a sandwich. Quite often I like to go for a bike ride with my friend Rachel through the Barming Woods to see the haunted tree, although we have to be careful that we show respect, because a signalman was hung there years ago and no one is allowed (or able) to cut it down, so there are loads of tree stumps around it! Spooky, eh? When I get home, I like to relax and watch you know what! (T.V.). On some nights I do trampolining which I love because it is actually very relaxing and good for you! At the moment I am working on the wide gap between silver and gold award (up to back-wards somersault). During sometime every day I like to sit on my bean bag and think about things like what happened during the day, how I feel, what to do tomorrow, what sort of career I would like to have in twenty years, people, things like that, or I write them down in a diary, just to make me feel better. After dinner with my family, I do any homework needed to be done and get ready for bed quickly because I love wearing my pyjamas- they are so comfy!! If my sister is home I go and talk to her about her day. Most evenings, her boyfriend and soul-mate Del (Derek) comes round and they go out to the Muggleton, the Thirsty Pig, Hogshead, or the Union bar. Katy is almost nineteen and about a centimetre taller than me. I think she is very beautiful (and so does everyone else). She has extremely long brown naturally curly hair and large blue eyes. I find her interesting in terms of dress sense and personality. She tries very hard to think differently to others and always makes sure things are fair- I find this in my Mum and Dad as well because I have always regarded our family as very different to others I have seen. For example- none of us like football but we all love old music by people like Louis Armstrong. My Mum is brave – she is a teacher for special needs, and my Dad is a post-man in the Sutton Valence area. When I am older I would definitely like to work with animals. I would like to get a job and save up to run a cattery for ill treated cats. I but I do not just want a career, I want to travel around the world, see everything, have great experiences, break records. Sometimes I feel so angry that people take what they have for granted. Why do people want others to be so unhappy? It also makes me angry that people do not care what they do or how they do it. Why do people want to be the same as each other? What would really make me happy would be to have the power to iron out the world- there would be no poor, no rich, no evil, no such thing as prejudice- everyone would have the same amount of money and food etc. People can dream, I suppose. I talk to things like this to my parents and sister, especially Mum, who enjoy working with children and people with disabilities etc. In the evenings I also love to talk to Dad, who enjoys art and pottery and things like that. I, my self love animals, roller-coasters, art, colours, trampolining, bike riding, writing stories and lots of different ‘grunger' music. There are lots of things I like, but also lots of things I dislike; big gold jewellery, cruelty to animals, romantic films, pop music, pink, being bored, sitting still for too long, football, and people who are horrible to others for no reason. On Friday evenings I get eight pounds allowance, which is spent very differently every week. I feel really bad that I have not got a job at the moment, although I have had several paper rounds, one of which I kept for almost a year. I think I could say that not many people understand me very well, but the truth is, I really do not care! Vicky is always on at me for being unsociable. I do not care about that either! I tend to keep my thoughts to myself than talk about them. Around 10:30 PM my thoughts start to get a bit more muddled because my mind knows that it has done its job for the day, and is time to rest. I am normally snoozing by 11:00PM but inside, my brain is going â€Å"tick, whirr, clunk!† as it is thinking â€Å"nooo! It's Monday tomorrow,† or â€Å"yes! It's Saturday tomorrow!† But right at the back, where the cobwebs are I am thinking â€Å"I am so lucky,† because of my life so far.

Great Gatsby Final Paper on Feminism Essay

In his timeless novel The Great Gatsby, author Francis Scott Fitzgerald draws attention to the irrational nature of women and the effect it had on their lives during the 1920s. The female characters in the novel tend to irresponsibly think with their hearts rather than with their heads. Time and again, this way of the thinking leads these women to a life of unhappiness and insecurity. Fitzgerald utilizes tools such as paradox and imagery to effectively display the negative consequences of their choices. Fitzgerald’s purpose is to emphasize the true sufferings of women caused by their own lack of reason. He establishes a candid tone throughout the novel in order to demonstrate to readers that the true source of the emptiness and sorrow felt by women in the 1920’s does not come from the men in their lives, but from their own incoherence. Fitzgerald primarily uses paradox as a strategy that best exemplifies the irrational behavior and decisions women in the novel make. Early on in the novel, Jay Gatsby hosts grand parties at his home hoping to one day lure Daisy, the woman he is madly in love with, back into his life. Most women attend Gatsby’s parties not because they are friends with him, nor because they were invited, but instead to have a carefree time at a stranger’s expense. Jordan regularly attends these extravaganzas at Gatsby’s home; she confesses to Nick one night, â€Å"’I like large parties. They’re so intimate. At small parties there isn’t any privacy.’† Her statement  associates grandness with privacy and security, and smaller affairs with loneliness and discomfort. Jordan demonstrates the senseless thinking of many women of the era. They feel the need to be surrounded by strangers and indulge in the finest of things in order to feel intimate or secure. These gatherings are one way women fill the emptiness in their souls. They drink their pain away, dance off their fears, and gossip incessantly. These females are blinded by the spotlight given to them at these affairs. Wealth is mistaken for security as attention is for love. In the same way, Daisy loses the voice of reason in her own life when she marries Tom for his wealth despite being madly in love with Gatsby. The day before her wedding, Daisy is described to be â€Å"lying on her bed as lovely as the June night in her flowered dress-and as drunk as a monkey† (76). Fitzgerald’s use of  paradox exemplifies the struggle Daisy is facing. Although it is her wedding day, and she looks beautiful, the discontent she feels is obvious. Fitzgerald strategically employs paradox to portray the insecurity and despair the women of West Egg feel throughout their lives. Furthermore, Fitzgerald demonstrates the pain of women through his use of imagery. At the first party Nick attends, he witnesses a woman, who although dressed beautifully, and surrounded by glamour, is visibly in misery. She â€Å"had drunk a quantity of champagne, and during the course of her song, she had decided, ineptly, that everything was very, very sad† (pg.51) This vivid description of the woman represents the pain felt by many women during this time period, and wealth’s inability heal it. In the same way, Fitzgerald uses imagery to shed light on Daisy’s unhappiness after her marriage to Tom. Gatsby describes Daisy’s life as a single woman as innocent and pure. Fitzgerald uses color  imagery to exemplify this. She owned a white car, lived in a home described as a â€Å"high white palace† and lived what Gatsby thought was a â€Å"white girlhood†. The use of color imagery emphasizes the purity before she was corrupted by the idea that one could marry for money and still be happy. This use of color imagery once again acknowledges the senseless decisions women made during this time period, and the despairity that backfires on them because of these choices. In the Great Gatsby, author F. Scott Fitzgerald portrays women as irrational in their thinking, behaviors, and actions. This senselessness is supported by the lifelong insecurity and loneliness the women feel as a result of their actions.

“A Raisin In A Sun” by Lorraine Hansberry Essay

I have a dream†¦ â€Å"A dream deeply rooted in the American Dream.† â€Å"I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live without the true meaning of its creed: â€Å"we hold these truths to be self- evident: that all me are created equal.† â€Å"I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judge by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.† â€Å"I have a dream that one day little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with white boys and white girls are walk together as sisters and brothers.† Martin Luther King Jr. In the play â€Å"A Raisin In A Sun† by Lorraine Hansberry is essentially about dreams, including the American Dream. The play takes place around the 1950’s in Chicago’s south side, when segregation was still around. In this play you meet a cast of people with dreams of a better life that compares the novel â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† with Martin Luther King’s speech â€Å"I Have a Dream.† It Analyzes the similar themes found in play like racial injustice, socio-economic discrimination, dream fulfillment and the fact that it takes place during the same time. There are many aspects that are discussed in both â€Å" A Raisin in the Sun† and â€Å"I have a dream† speech. Perhaps the most important of those are racial injustice, socio-economic discrimination, unity, and the struggles for the American dream. In this play there are many different dreams, Mama’s dream is to create a better life for her family. The American dream, which is the idea of success that involves owning a house, being able to provide a better life for your family and to attain certain material objects. Mama’s dream is the American dream of moving her family out the small cramped house and into a bigger house, that is perfect for a family of five with a yard children can play and where she can tend a garden. For many African Americans during the 1950’s â€Å"The American dream† was to be treated equally and before that their dream was freedom, an end to slavery.Martin Luther King’s famous â€Å"I Have a Dream Speech† and the play â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† have many similarities. They both have the  desire for black and white equality. They also want to make a change and live the way they feel is right for them to live. They both willing to take chances in doing so and begin to achieve by trying. A Raisin in the Sun and â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech both deal with many issues but none more important than injustice. Racism was the root cause of all the discrimination and injustice African Americans faced. Martin Luther King Jr. speech and Lorraine Hansberry both are examples of the starving freedom of black American and both speak the truth of the realities of life and dreams for the future of all Americans. Even after many years of African Americans being released from slavery and became free Americans, they were still treated the same and that they are not actually free until the people are all equal regardless to skin color. Walter Lee and Martin Luther King Jr. both make the same points because they both have their big dreams and are willing to do anything to make their dreams come true. A dream is to envision another life or characteristic that could be better or worse than what the person already has. In the case of most people it is a dream that is positive. People mainly are selfish dreamers who dream only about themselves but there are some who dream about the world or others such as friends and family. Two examples of these types of dreamers are Mama and Martin Luther King Jr. In Dr. King’s speech he brings up that his dream is not only for him but also for others with the same problem. He is a caring dreamer, one who believes others come first then him. Mama is this type of dreamer because her dreams are for her family and the well being of them. Even though Mama’s dream is not as deep or motivational as Dr. King, it is still a non-selfish dream. Mama’s dream was to get a house that was more suitable to live in then the current house that the Youngers live in. Which was dirty and small. They were cramped up and highly uncomfortable, it was defiantly not a proper house for five people and a baby on the way. Therefore Mama’s dream of having better living qualities was a smart investment. â€Å"Them houses they put up for colored in them areas way out all seem to cost twice as much as other houses. She found a nice house for a good price in a White neighborhood; white neighborhoods had bigger and cheaper homes then black neighborhoods. She found the best deal as she said her self: I did the best I could† (Act 2. Scene 1.93) Mama thinks she chose the best option for the family and she did. This can be related to Marin  Luther King Jr.’s dream as well.He dreamed of a world where black and whites and all races would live in peace. He envisioned that there would be no hate because of skin tone or place of origin. He dreamt that â€Å"We cannot be satisfied as long as a Negro’s basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one† (â€Å"I Have a Dream† by Martin Luther King Jr.) By this line he meant that they should not stop fighting for equal rights until they move out of little suburban areas classified as ghettos. Once again that speech can relate to Walter Lee, when he finally takes a stand in his â€Å"manly hood† and shows his pride in his family. The story ended as him being the head of the family because he took control and became a family man by rejected an offer from a white businessman to stay out of a white neighborhood and to stay with all blacks. When Travis smiles up at his father; this is when Walter Lee has a sudden change of heart. He explains to Mr. Lindner that his family members are plain proud people and how his father worked for decades as a laborer, which his father basically earned the right for his family to move into their new home in Clybourne Park. They have come so far and worked so hard why turned it down, they have earned it, its only fare. Walter realizes and rediscovers his self-worth, Self-respect and self-esteem and he proves this when he said to Mr. Lindner that â€Å"the sixth generation of our family in this country.† He finally reclaims his personal pride, defends his family’s historical right to be treated fairly in their country, and to protect his family’s dignity. They both reflect the conditions that African Americans had to go through to get equality from discrimination and segregation.It was clear that in both accounts of dreams that there was a time to strike and in both accounts that time was now. Both the Youngers and black people of the Civil Rights Movement had one common dream hidden by many materialistic desires: dignity, equality, and progress. Dr. King said, â€Å"I have a dream today!† Walter Younger wants to make a business deal that could help him obtain dignity, equalit y, and progress for his family, and the insurance money that Mama will get is a once-in-a-lifetime deal. A rare opportunity, that opens the door to propositions that could help his family acquire those qualities. Both Walter and Dr. King are telling their families and followers that the time for change is now and that change is a now or never deal.While one was real and one was not, the desire, dreams, and struggles mentioned in the speech matched those of the novel perfectly. Martin Luther King and the characters of â€Å"A Raisin In A Sun† had the same ambitions, which included a better life for future generations, liberation from the unfair living conditions of African-American citizens, and the importance on the urgency necessary for making these dreams happen. Both pieces represented a fight, one for a family, and one for a group of millions. As well as wars against inequality, injustice, and unfairness were won.Mama historically represents Rosa Parks because she acts as a leader through out the story. They both spoke up for what they believed in. Mama speaking up gave he courage and wisdom. The courage Rosa Parks had was when she got arrested for refusing to give up her seat on a segregated bus because of what she believe and in the human rights. Just like Mama when she stood up for her husband, when Walter Lee was not setting an example for his rights. She didn’t not want him to take Mr. Lindner offer of money in exchange of his family not to moving in to its dream house in a white neighborhood because she believed in her and her family’s rights. Therefore she also stood up for what she believes in and the human rights.The Great Migration was a period in American history where blacks moved north to escape the Jim Crow laws and prejudice of the South. The civil rights movement brought enlightenment towards the abolishment of segregation laws. Although the laws are gone, one might ask, â€Å"does segregation still exist? â€Å" Yes it does but our segregation problems now aren’t just about race. They’re about income too, and the web of connections between what it means to be poor and a person of color in the city. Not only are people segregated by race and by income, meaning that people of color are likely to live with other people of color and poor people are likely to live with poor people. For example in East Harlem there isn’t really any healthy places to eat just fast food and the supermarkets are pricy. If you were to go downtown were wealthy people live thru have a variety of healthy places to eat that is affordable as well as their supermarkets like Trader Joes. In today’s society one can agree with Walter Lee that life now is about money, t is now the rich vs. the poor.In the beginning of the play it mentions their dreams being deferred, which means their hope of full equality is postponed.† What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun? Langston Hughes wrote the poem, and Lorraine Hansberry was inspired by both by the poem and by her own real-life experience to write A  Raisin in the Sun. This play was the first play on Broadway that was written by an African-American woman as well as the first African American to direct a play on Broadway. The play was inspired by Hansberry’s own experience with racism and housing discrimination. Her father was tried to buy a house in a white neighborhood much like the one in the play but he was blocked because in the 1950’s African American could not get housing in good neighborhoods because of the color of their skin. They were still segregated, and many times they were treated violently. They were unable to find good paying jobs as they were overlooked in favor of white people. Often times, they received inadequate medical care, and were made to wait for treatment in hospitals while white folks got treatment first. As a ch ild, Hansberry’s family became one of the first to move into a white neighborhood. When their neighbors rebelled, both with threats of violence and legal action, the Hansberry’s defended themselves; Hansberry’s father successfully brought his case all the way to the Supreme Court. Her father sued and won a partial victory in the US Supreme Court. Lorraine Hansberry used her play A Raisin In A Sun to tell people about her own life struggle with racism and female discrimination. Her play shows us her problems were handled with determination and a will to keep striving for her goal of becoming a writer. Langston Hughes anticipated such an uprising in his poem, just as Hansberry illustrated the effects of a dream deferred by the Youngers. Raisin answers the last line of Hughes’ poem: â€Å"Or does it explode?† Indeed it did, and Raisin became a beacon for a changing nation. Hansberry was also the first black playwright as well as he youngest to win the New York Drama Critics Circle Award. Since then, the drama about a black family’s dream to move into a white neighborhood in pre-civil-rights-era Chicago has been translated into 30 languages and has been continually produced in church basements, community halls, school auditoriums, and professional theaters.A dream deferred is a dream put off to another time, each character from A Raisin in the Sun had a deferred dream, and their dreams become dried up like a raisin in the sun. Not just dreams are dried up though; Walter Lee and Ruth’s marriage became dried up also. Their marriage was no longer of much importance, like a dream it was post-phoned and it became dry. Their struggle for happiness dried up because they had to concentrate all of their energies on surviving. Their needs seem no longer  to be satisfied by each other. But they both saw a resolution in the insurance check arriving in the mail. The money would let Ruth fulfill her dream of owning her own house and leaving the apartment. Money seemed to get in the way of all of their dreams. It was the force that controlled their lives. The money is like the sun that leaves no choice to the grape but to dry up until a raisin never the less it does not mean that the raisin is no longer good, it is still sweet. Dreams are good to shoot for, but don’t let them ruin your life trying to fulfill them (Robinson). At the end Ruth and Walter Lee reconcile because they still loved each other, Walter took her out a date to the movies, where they finally had some quality time. Ruth sees hope in their marriage as she describes her date to Beneatha: Ruth: â€Å" we went to the movies. We went to the movies. You know the last time ma and Walter went to the movies together?† Beneatha: â€Å"No.† Ruth: â€Å"Me either. That’s how long it’s been (smiling again) but we went last night. The picture wasn’t much good, but that didn’t seem to matter. We went and we held hands.† (Act 1 . Scene 2.51) this shows that once Walter has control over money, he becomes much more affectionate with Ruth and that there is still love between them. Many dream in raisin in the sun were deferred like Beneatha’s dream of becoming a doctor and to save her race from ignorance. The first part of her dream may be deferred because of the money Walter loses. Her dream is also one deferred for all women. Beneatha lives in a time when society expects women to build homes rather than careers. In other words play the role of a housewife. Women were also discriminated around this time, women weren’t really admitted to medical school, same with law school, teachers and they were not even allow to sit in jury.Walter’s dream of owning his own business has been so long deferred and left â€Å"festering† of his family. The â€Å"open sores† of his deferred dream blind him to the consequences of his actions and to the ache he causes Mama Younger. After Willy Harris convinces Walter that investing in the liquor store is a great idea, Willy takes Walter’s money and runs. It is because of the thieving Willy Harris that Walter’s dream is deferred.The dream of owning your own business and having all the money you will ever need is a goal held by many in society, then and now. Walter Lee Younger becomes obsessed with his dream of a business venture that will give him financial and social independence, after getting and losing the  money that will help this dream become reality he realizes that pride and dignity are more important for him and his family. There are also many symbols in â€Å"A Raisin In The Sun† but one important symbol that represented dreams was Mama’s plant. It was weak but resilient; it represented her dream of living in a bigger house with a lawn. Whenever she tends to her plant, she symbolically shows her dedication to her dream. The first thing that Mama does in the morning as mention in the beginning of the play in Act 1 towards the ending of Scene 1 is that is that she goes to the window, opens it, and brings in a feeble little plant growing doggedly in a small pot on the window. The plant is just as important as her dream. Mama admits that the plant has never had enough sunshine but still survives. In other words, her dream has always been deferred but still remains strong. When Beneatha asks why Mama would want to keep that â€Å"raggedy-looking old thing,† Mama Younger replies: â€Å"It expresses me.†(Actv2. Scene 3) At the end of the play, Mama decides to bring the plant with her to their new home. While it initially stands for her deferred dream, now, as her dream comes true, it reminds her of her strength in working and waiting for so many years. Her plant will also have a new home and beginning for it may now get more sunlight in its bigger home.In conclusion for all these reasons, A Raisin in the Sun is an ideal work to discuss in terms of the American dream. It shows how the admirable idea that everyone can achieve their ambitions if they work doesn’t always stand up in the face of real life, and how people can redeem them as Walter Lee does when he refuses the buyout offer through moral courage. Society in the 1959 was full of racial discrimination. Martin Luther King and Walter Lee both have the starvation to stop the desolation of discrimination. Hansberry, Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr. all have inspiring stories and if they were still alive today they can see how far there dreams have come that has inspire many. Hughes asks whether a dream is deferred is like â€Å" A Raisin In The Sun† and he specifically asking whether a dream will â€Å"dry up†. Grapes in the South dry into raisins, but it never lose their sweetness, no matter how much they dry up.